Glasses for Other Applications

Glasses for other Applications 17.3.2.7.3. Unconventional Melting and Glass Films. 

After the 15-hour electrolysis process, unplug your power supply, and then open the cell. Carefully remove the clay pot, and then dump its contents into a clean beaker or similar glass container—the anode compartment will contain the bleach. The cathode compartment will contain some sodium hydroxide. You can discard the cathode liquid if desired, or you can use it for other applications. Your bleach should then be quickly fdtered, to remove any insoluble impurities, and then stored in any suitable containers. The bleach solution will be about 20 to 25% concentration. Note the cathode liquid will probably also contain some bleach admixed with the sodium hydroxide, and un-reacted salt. 

Germanium is also used to make specialized glass for military applications. For example, it is used to make weapons-sighting systems that can be used in the dark as well as other night... 

Other encapsulation applications of polymers for specific designs Include soil, ultraviolet, and abrasion-resistant front covers. The cover can serve as a transparent structural superstrata. Substrate support designs require a hard, durable front cover film to protect the relatively soft pottant from mechanical damages and excess soil accumulation. A polymeric front cover must be low In cost, highly transparent, and weather resistant to compete with glass. For applications out of the optical path between the sun and the solar cells (adhesives. Insulation, edge seals, gaskets) requirements for polymeric use In encapsulation are the same as for other applications. 

Although many applications for glass require a colorless product, for other applications colored glass is needed. Windows in a church do not look as impressive when all... 

To prevent a growing mountain of TVs one of the plans is to melt down the tubes in a sealed furnace under conditions that would reduce the PbO to Pb. The heavy molten metal would run out of fissures at the base of the furnace, but the molten glass will be retained. The purified glass could then be used for other applications, such as bottles. 

In commercial use a common application of aU of these materials is in the form of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites see Sections 13.7 and 13.8. The glass fiber provides a significant toughening for these materials. For other applications, a variety of fillers are commonly used. 

During the development of Zerodur for the MPI telescope mirror blank the question was raised whether Zerodur shows any effect of thermal ageing, which is common to many glasses. Petzoldt [4.23] performed some investigations but did not observe any effect. He concluded that one reason for that could be the relatively small amount of 30 vol% of the residual glass phase. But when Zerodur was tested for other applications, a sensitivity of the length of Zerodur to thermal history was observed. 

Most sulfide glasses for optical applications are based on the As-S and Ge-S systems, with compositions modified by other metal or non-metal sulfides. These glasses are IR-transmitting materials which can also be used as rare-earth ion hosts for optical amplifiers. 

Middle-IR transmitting films, rare-earth doped snlfide films and snlfide films for other applications also need further study. According to the properties of specific sulfide compounds, one can chose the most suitable method to prepare sulfide films and bulk materials. Since sulfide glasses have high refractive index, sol-gel derived sulfides can also be used to infiltrate silica or polystyrene opals, in order to obtain inverse opal structures for photonic bandgap devices. 

For many apphcations, particularly the more scientific or technical, detailed knowledge of the full transmittance and reflectance spectra of the glass may be important. Such information can be obtained by using UV, visible, and infrared spectrophotometers. For other applications, consistent color matching of different lots of product, often to a well-defined target, is sufficient. Here the science of colorimetry is important. The observed color of an... 

Thick-Film Dielectrics for Other Applications. So far the information presented in this section has dealt with thick-fihn dielectric materials for AljOj substrates. Other substrate materials used in the hybrid industry include beryUia (BeO), AIN, and porcelainized steel substrates. The display industry uses a variety of glass substrates. These other substrate materials aU require the design and development of specific formulations because of their chemical and mechanical differences. " ... 

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