Genetic fine structure

Block, A., Dangl, J.L., Hahlbrock, K. Schulze, L.P. (1990). Functional borders, genetic fine structure, and distance rquirements of cis elements mediating light responsiveness of the parsley chalcone synthase promoter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 87, 5387-91. 

Benzer, S. (1961) Genetic fine structure. Harvey Lectures, 56,1-21. 

Shreffler, D. C. (1974). Genetic fine structure of the H-2 gene complex. In G. Edelman (ed.). Cellular Selection and Regulation in the Immune Response, p. 83 (New York Raven Press)... 

Table 4.4 Genetic fine structure of selected intra-//-2 recombinant strains ...

Despite the advent of molecular genetics in neurobiology, our understanding of the functional relationships of the components of the CNS remains in its infancy, particularly in the areas of cellular interaction and synaptic modulation. Nevertheless, the fine structural relationships of most elements of nervous system tissue have been described well [1-5]. The excellent neuroanatomical atlases of Peters et al. [3] and Palay and Chan-Palay [1]... 

The study of mutation in bacteria (and bacterial vimses) has had a fundamental role in the science of genetics in the twentieth century. In particular, the unraveling of biochemical anabolic and catabolic pathways, the identification of DNA as the hereditary material, knowledge of the fine structure of the gene, and the nature of gene regulation, and so on, have all been aided by bacterial mutants. 

These studies suggest that fine structural and mechanistic information can be obtained from site-specific photocrosslinking using genetically incorporated unnatural amino acids. The potential of photocrosslinkers to identify biomolecular interactions more specifically than general formaldehyde crosslinking, combined with its... 

Chemical and Genetic Probes—Nanotube-tipped atomic force microscopes can trace a strand of DNA and identify chemical markers that reveal DNA fine structure. A miniaturized sensor has been constructed based on coupling the electronic properties of nanotubes with the specific recognition properties of immobilized biomolecules by attaching organic molecules handles to these tubular nanostructures. In one study, the pi-electron network on the CNT is used to anchor a molecule that irreversibly adsorbs to the surface of the SWNT. The anchored molecules have a tail to which proteins, or a variety of other... 

The rapid development of test systems resulted from the great increase in fundamental knowledge of genetics and mutation. The information gained from fine-structure and... 

The greatly enlarged chapter on wheat starch presents advances in its production, the differences between large and small granules, the fine structures of wheat starch amylose and amylopectin, genetic and chemical modification of wheat starch, and its functionalities and uses, especially in food products. 

Eichler EE, Richards S, Gibbs RJ, Nelson DL. Fine structure of the human FMRl gene. Hum Mol Genet 1993 2 1147-53. 

G3. Garen, A., and Levinthal, C., A fine-structure genetic and chemical study of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase of E. coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 38, 470-483 (1960). 

Meseres (Figs 5.22-27) and Halteria (Figs 5.28-5.29) are closely related morphologically (Petz and Foissner, 1992) and genetically (Katz et al., 2005). This is sustained by their resting cysts, especially the occurrence and fine structure of the lepidosomes (extracellular, organic structures produced intracellularly by trophic and/or cystic protist species Foissner et al., 2005). Further, the cysts share a considerable overall similarity, that is, the wall is composed of five layers with similar fine structure (Foissner et al., 2007). 

Numerous other examples of preferential distribution exist, and a few will be cited, with a confession of ignorance of the underlying mechanisms. Especially noteworthy are the transmission of oidy maternal homologues in sciarid male meiosis (reviewed by Metz, 1938 new data and recent literature by Crouse, 1966) secondary kinetochores and preferential distribution of knobbed chromosomes in maize (new data and review by Rhoades and Dempsey, 1966), and numerous examples in Drosophila known largely from genetic studies (reviewed by Novitski, 1967). No fine structure or living cell analyses have been reported. 

Rinchink, E. M. (1991) Chemical mutagenesis and fine-structure functional analysis of the mouse genome. Trends Genet. 7, 15-21. 

Interest in the genetic engineering of both plants and micro-organisms for the production of tailor made amylose, amylopectin and/or starches has also been reported. Furthermore, investigations on the enzymatic modification of starch and its major components, for example the introduction of additional branches composed of glucose and/or other monosaccharides and/or uronic acids as well as amino acids or peptides, to produce carbohydrates of possibly comparable functionality to galactomannans, pectin, gum arable, etc., has been initiated. Also studies on the metabolic fate of carbohydrates in food, the biosynthesis of starch, the fine structure of starch from different sources, the effect of electrolytes on the gelatinization of starch and the development of enzymic methods for starch analyses are still active. 

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