Synaptic modulation

Glutamate Exocytosis from Astrocytes Induces Synaptic Modulation... 

Saez ET, Pehar M, Vargas MR, Barbeito L, Maccioni RB (2006) Production of nerve growth factor by beta-amyloid-stimulated astrocytes induces p75NTR-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci Res 84 1098-1106 Sala C, Roussignol G, Meldolesi J, Fagni L (2005) Key role of the postsynaptic density scaffold proteins Shank and Homer in the functional architecture of Ca homeostasis at dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 25 4587 592 Santello M, Volterra A (2008) Synaptic modulation by astrocytes via Ca(2-l-)-dependent glutamate release. Neuroscience 158 253-9... 

Hayashi S Momiyama A., Ohishi H Ogawameguro, R. et al. (1993). Role of metabotrophic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in accessory olfactory bulb. Nature 366, 687-690. 

H. Kimura, Y. Nagai, K. Umemure, and Y. Kimura, Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide synaptic modulation, neuroprotection, and smooth muscle relaxation. Antioxidants Redox Signaling 7, 795-803 (2005). 

Despite the advent of molecular genetics in neurobiology, our understanding of the functional relationships of the components of the CNS remains in its infancy, particularly in the areas of cellular interaction and synaptic modulation. Nevertheless, the fine structural relationships of most elements of nervous system tissue have been described well [1-5]. The excellent neuroanatomical atlases of Peters et al. [3] and Palay and Chan-Palay [1]... 

Lu, B. BDNF and activity-dependent synaptic modulation. Leant. Mem. 10 86-98,2003. 

Santello, M., and Volterra, A. (2009). Synaptic modulation by astrocytes via Ca(2+)-dependent glutamate release. Neuroscience 158, 253-259. 

Williams PJ, MacVicar BA, Pittman QJ (1990) Synaptic modulation by dopamine of calcium currents in rat pars intermedia. J Neurosci 70 757-763. 

Hayashi Y, Momiyama A, Takahashi T, Ohishi H, Ogawa-Meguro R, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S (1993) Role of a metabotropic glutamate receptor in synaptic modulation in the accessory olfactory bulb. Nature... 

Schell MJ, Molliver ME, Snyder SH (1995) D-serine, an endogenous synaptic modulator localization to astrocytes and glutamate-stimulated release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 3948-3952. 

Baldi, G., Rus.si, G, Nannini, L., Vezzani. A., and Consolo, S. 0995). Trans-synaptic modulation of striatal ACh release in vivo by the parafa.scieular thalamic nucleus. Ear. J. Neitro.sci. 7,1117-1120. 

Lu B (2003) BDNF and activity-dependent synaptic modulation. Letim Mem 10 86-98 Luchsinger JA, Noble JM, Scarmeas N (2007) Diet and Alzheimer s disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 7 366-372... 

W-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor is an NMDA-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptor that plays an important role in synaptic modulation and memory function. Antagonism of NMDA receptor by eugenol [53] might result in its presumed inhibition of synaptic plasticity [49] or contribute to its anesthetic ability. 

Sufentanil (as other opioids) given epidurally can produce analgesia one of three ways. It can spread cephalad in the CSF to supraspinal centers, be absorbed systemically and transfer to supraspinal centers, or act directly in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord on the spinal opioid receptors. It is felt that the main site of action of epidural sufentanil is pre-synaptic modulation of the nociceptive signal in the lamina of Rexed in the spinal cord. Sufentanil has a... 

An interesting case of synaptic modulation that may depend upon arachidonate stimulation of PKC activity has been reported by Immaculada Herrero, Jose Sanchez-Prieto and their coworkers at the Universidad Complutense in Madrid.Glutamatergic nerve terminals isolated from the rat brain express a metabotropic sub-type of the glutamate receptor that is coupled to inositol phospholipid metabolism and PKC activation. Stimulation of nerve... 

Piomelli D, Shapiro E, Feinmark SJ, Schwartz JH. Metabolites of arachidonic acid in the nervous system of Aplysia possible mediators of synaptic modulation. J Neurosci 1987 7 3675-3686. 

Facilitation and potentiation are typically assayed in low external [Ca++] (<0.4 mM, typically 0.2 mM Ca" ) because these synaptic properties are obscured by transmission fatigue at higher Ca++ levels (Zhong and Wu 1991 Zhong et al. 1992 Wang et al. 1994 Broadie et al. 1997 Rohrbough et al. 1998). Four types of modulations are typically assayed paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), short-term facilitation (STF), augmentation, and post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). In Drosophila, these synaptic modulation properties have been most extensively assayed in the mature NMJ. 

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