General Technical Requirements

The control and subproducts for the instrumentation are governed by the general technical requirements for the other subproducts in the system. In addition, to fulfill all the general technical requirements, the encapsulation and protection of the environments in which the subproducts are used have to be considered, including danger of explosion, pollution, moisture, temperature, vibration, influence on heating and cooling, etc. See (Table 9.7). 

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Once the ink meets the physicochemical properties which are required for a specific print head, it should be tested for jetting and print head performance. Here the focus is on the general technical requirements which are crucial for obtaining an ink with good jetting performance, from the formulation view point. 

This document provides general technical requirements and guidelines for the design, build and purchase of equipment and fixtures. 

These generally defined requirements are met quite comprehensively by microfiber glass fleeces. These are blends of C-glass fibers of various diameter, which are processed in the usual way on a Foudrinier paper machine into a voluminous glass mat. The blending ratio gains special importance since cost aspects have to be balanced against technical properties. The... 

Abstract. This section is an introduction into materials that can be used as Phase Change Materials (PCM) for heat and cold storage and their basic properties. At the beginning, the basic thermodynamics of the use of PCM and general physical and technical requirements on perspective materials are presented. Following that, the most important classes of materials that have been investigated and typical examples of materials to be used as PCM are discussed. These materials usually do not fulfill all requirements. Therefore, solution strategies and ways to improve certain material properties have been developed. The section closes with an up to date market review of commercial PCM, PCM composites and encapsulation methods. 

Technical Requirements. AXS requires an X-ray source with easily tunable, monochromatic photon wavelength. This means that a respective device can only be operated at a synchrotron. In general a 2D detector is used. 

Many of the technical requirements of the Standard are covered in Chapters 4 to 7. The analytical requirements, including choosing a method and method validation, are covered in Chapter 4. The other measurement requirements, such as calibration, traceability and equipment qualification, are dealt with in Chapter 5. Some of the general issues not covered elsewhere are mentioned in the following sections. It has already been mentioned that staff should be trained and proven to be competent to carry out the testing. This applies to permanent and contracted staff. The laboratory should have a job description for all members of staff. There are more stringent requirements on staff who are also able to provide customers with opinions or interpretation of the results. 

The new Colour Index volume Pigments and Solvent Dyes lists some 350 solvent dyes and gives their chemical structures, unlike earlier editions which named 800 dyes but included few structures. This fall in numbers is not because of any decreased use but rather the general contraction in numbers of all dyes used in the textile industry. Solvent dyes have been introduced not by attempts to synthesise new colorants but by selection and in some cases modification of known disperse dyes to meet the technical requirements. The majority of solvent dyes are azo compounds but among the blue dyes there are anthraquinones. The aqueous solubility of some of the parent sulphonated dyes has been reduced to acceptable levels by formation of their salts with heavy metals or long-chain alkylamines. 

Quantitative CE—MS studies were scarcely reported. " This subject is however of prime importance, particularly for the pharmaceutical industry where the reliability of analytical data is essential. For this reason, method development is generally followed by an evaluation of quantitative performance using an appropriate validation procedure performed in agreement with criteria established by the International Conference on Harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) and the Food and Drug Administraction (FDA) guidelines, or Societe Franqaise des Sciences et Techniques Pharmaceutiques (SFSTP) commissions. ... 

In many cases simply substituting one substance for another is not enough. Generally technical innovations must accompany orgarusational and institutional innovations. The change processes must be orgarused between the employees or various departments within a company. Moreover, co-ordination between various companies is required or a favourable time frame has to be adapted. The new substance may not hinder combination with other components. 

Substitution generally means that one substance or process is substituted for another, for whatever reason (availability, costs, technical requirements). Substitution of a hazardous substance or product signifies its replacement by less a hazardous substance, product or process. In this context the scope ranges from simple substitution (i.e. exchanging substances) to risk management as a whole (i.e. prevention of hazardous substances, reduction or prevention of exposure, etc.). 

International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Topic E8 Note for Guidance on General Considerations for Clinical Trials, CPMP/ICH/291/95. London European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, 1997. 

The essential requirements contained in Aimex I of each new approach Directive specify the aspects of safety and performance that must be satisfied at the time at which a relevant product is placed on the market. Essential requirements are stated as principles or as generalised aspects and exclude detailed technical requirements. The scheme of the Community s new approach is that detailed technical aspects are not required as legal obligations but, if they are generally accepted, may be applied voluntarily by manufacturers through being included in official standards. The essential requirements are intended to be comprehensive and all must be satisfied save for those requirements that do not apply to a particular product as a matter of common sense. 

General Safety Precautions. The preparation and handling of the items covered by this specification, and the subassemblies thereof, involve hazardous operations and therefore require explosives safety precautions. Use of this specification will not be construed as to relieve the contractor or manufacturer of responsibility for the safety of his operations. Listed below are certain minimum provisions which a contractor or manufacturer (who prepares the item covered) should observe in order to fulfill his responsibility for safety. At Bureau of Naval Weapons, Navy Department, and other government plants, these provisions are mandatory. Such other warnings and precautions, pertinent to the operational effectiveness or safety during preparation of the specified items, are included in detailed technical requirements of the specification... 

To start with, the project organization must be defined. The different positions must be defined and people need to be found with the necessary knowledge to fill these positions. The most commonly required areas of expertise for a project leader are organizational know-how, social skills, project management knowhow, time management, validation know-how, and general technical know-how. A team member should have expertise in communication skills, validation know-how, and detailed technical know-how. 

In general, the standard is divided into two parts management requirements and technical requirements. The management requirements define the... 

Physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition are both techniques for producing thin films. Both rely on the transfer of mass from the vapor phase to a solid surface. A third technique, related to chemical vapor deposition but generally considered distinct from it, is molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) (Joyce and Joyce, 2004), in which a neutral beam of atoms is used to deposit a layer of adsorbed atoms. To deposit a compound, two molecular beams are used, depositing the constituent elements in the compound sequentially. Although this appears to make the deposition of any size film of any composition a simple matter (shown schematically below in Figure 3.26), the technical requirements for achieving this deposition are severe. 

It is planned to reactivate the well B4 to support peak times of water consumption and to mix the extracted water with that of the current drinking water well B3. Check with the help of PHREEQC modeling if and in which shares this can be done with regard to general requirements of drinking water standards and to the technical requirements in terms of the calcite-carbondioxide equilibrium (chapter 3.1.5.2). [key word for mixing of two waters see the exercise in chapter 3.1.3.3.J... 

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