Plasticizers general purpose

TrioctylPhosphate. Trioctyl phosphate [1806-54-8/, C24H 04P, has been employed as a specialty flame-retardant plasticizer for vinyl compositions where low temperature flexibHity is critical, eg, in military tarpaulins. It can be included in blends along with general-purpose plasticizers (qv) such as phthalate esters to improve low temperature flexibHity. 

Plasticizers. Monomeric (mol wt 250—450) plasticizers (qv) are predominantiy phthalate, adipate, sebacate, phosphate, or trimeUitate esters. Organic phthalate esters like dioctyl phthalate (DOP) are by far the most common plasticizers in flexible PVC. Phthalates are good general-purpose plasticizers which impart good physical and low temperature properties but lack permanence in hot or extractive service conditions and are therefore sometimes called migratory plasticizers. Polymeric plasticizers (mol wt up to 5000 or more) offer an improvement in nonmigratory permanence at a sacrifice in cost, low temperature properties, and processibiHty examples are ethylene vinyl acetate or nitrile polymers. 

The and C q iso-phthalates (DINP and DIDP) generally compete with DEHP as commodity general-purpose plasticizers. Other iso-phthalates are available at opposite ends of the carbon number range (eg, diisoheptyl phthalate (DIHP), C, and diisotridecyl phthalate (DTDP), but these serve more speciaUty markets. The Cg iso-phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP), has also had traditional sales ia the commodity plasticizer markets where it is seen as an equivalent to DEHP. 

Polytetrafluorethylene (p.t.f.e.) This polymer does not absorb water, has no solvents and is almost completely inert to chemical attack molten alkali metals and sodium in liquid ammonia are the rare exceptions. Furthermore it does not soften below 320°C, is electrically inert and has a very low coefficient of friction. It is more expensive than general purpose plastics, requires special fabrication techniques, is degraded by high energy radiation, and has a low creep resistance. 

The commercialization of isophthalic acid by Chevron in 1956(11) led to the introduction of di-2-ethylhexyl isophthalate (DOIP). This plasticizer showed improved lacquer mar resistance in flexible PVC(12). This need was limited, however. Because of its premium price, DOIP has not gained acceptance as a general purpose plasticizer. 

As the seventies got underway, the premium price on the GP linear phthalates decreased to where these plasticizers also began to capture a share of the general purpose plasticizer market, particularly if improved low temperature flexibility was important. The phthalate of the Cn fraction of the linear C7-C9-C11 alcohols was introduced by Monsanto and found acceptance in high temperature wire and cable where it competes with branched chain DTDP. In Europe, linear alcohol phthalates based on alcohol blends made by oxonation of cracked wax olefins gained acceptance. These differed from the U.S. linear alcohol blends in having both odd and even carbon chain lengths. 

Phosphate esters (alkyl or aryl, or mixed) of phosphoric acid constitute an important family of organophosphorus flame retardants.25 Triethylphosphate, a colorless liquid boiling between 209°C and 218°C, and containing 17 wt % phosphorus, has been used commercially as an additive for polyester resins/laminates and in cellulosics. In polyester resins, it functions as a viscosity depressant as well as a flame retardant. Trioctylphosphate is employed as a speciality flame-retardant plasticizer for vinyl composites where low temperature flexibility is critical. It can be also included in blends, along with general purpose plasticizers, such as phthalate esters, to improve low temperature flexibility. 

DORESCO PMP7-1 is not a general purpose plasticizer because of its cost and is recommended where its specific properties are required. 

Butyl ricinoleate, is a plasticizer for polyvinyl butyral, rosin, vinsol resin, and cellulose acetate butyrate resins. Can also be used as a general purpose plasticizer for both nitrocellulose and ethylcellulose. 

DIDP is a general purpose plasticizer with a broad range of applications used in flexible PVC. It is widely used in the toy, construction, automotive, and general consumer product markets. It has limited use in food packaging and is not used in medical applications. 

Use Plasticizer, commonly blended with general purpose plasticizers such as DOP and DIOP in processing polyvinyl and other polymers solvent aircraft lubricants. 

The brittleness of polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene was decreased by blending with plasticizers or impact modifying polymers. The flammability of polystyrene and polyolefins was decreased by the addition of flame retardants and the Instability of polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene was reduced by the addition of stabilizers. — The strength and heat resistance of all of the general purpose plastics were Improved by reinforcing with fiberglass or graphite fibers. 

The heat resistance of polyvinyl chloride was also improved by post chlorination, the ductility of polyethylene was Improved by increasing the molecular weight and the usefulness of polystyrene was Increased by copolymerization with acrylonitrile. Nevertheless, in spite of improvement in performance, resulting from these modifications, most general purpose plastics were under engineered for many applications. 

Does the world have need, or even room, for another large-volume, general purpose plastic It seems very unlikely that it does, but so it seemed also on the eve of the Ziegler-Natta discoveries. 

Figure 19 shows clear and pigmented weathered vinyl sheets all plasticized with the general-purpose plasticizer DOP. The clear control developed brown spots from UV degradation of the PVC resin... 

AI3-27597-X (USDA) 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester Corflex 880 Di-iso-octyl phthalate Diisooctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate Diisooctyl phthalate Diop EINECS 248-523-5 Flexol Plasticizer DIOP Genomoll 100 Hexaplas M/0 HSDB 588 Isooctyl phthalate NSC 6381 Phthalic xid, bis 6-methylheptyl)ester Phthalic acid, diisooctyl ester Witcizer 313. General purpose plasticizer. 

Unlike the previous two standard.s, which apply a given strain to the test piece, ISO 6252 [206], which is dual numbered as BS 2782, Method 833A-C [207], uses a dumbbellshaped test piece placed under constant tensile stress and immersed in the test medium until it breaks, time to failure being recorded (Fig. 37). In Method A the tensile stress leading to rupture in 100 hours is determined by interpolating points obtained at various stress levels that encompass the 100 hour point. In Method B the time to failure at a specified stress is found. In Method C the tensile stress versus time to failure is plotted graphically. The test piece normally used for this test is the general purpose plastics dumbbell of ISO 527, but with its dimensions scaled down by a factor of 2. The preferred test temperatures arc 23 and 55 C, but other recommended temperatures include 40. 70 85, and 100 C. 

Plasticizers comprise the largest volume additives in today s plastics industry. Their primary functions are to impart flexibility, softness and extensibility to rigid polymers. In addition, plasticizers facilitate processability by reducing viscosity and lubricating thus allowing a lower processing temperature. Plasticizers also increase impact resistance and reduce the brittleness of plastics, particularly at low temperatures (Table 3.4). General purpose plasticizers... 

Chem. Descrip. Dioctyl phthalate CAS 117-84-0 EINECS/ELINCS 204-211-0 Uses Plasticizer for nitrocellulose in lacquer applies. general-purpose plasticizer for flexographic, screen, wafer-based, moisture-set, and gravure inks, and in ink resins general-purpose plasticizer tor vinyl-coated fabrics and vinyl flooring plasticizer for vinyl plastisols Regulatory FDA approved... 

Uses Plasticizer for PVC, rubber, commonly blended with general purpose plasticizers (DOP, DIOP) solvent aircraft and industrial lubri-... 

Plasticizer types and their different concentrations do not perform in the same manner. More volatile plasticizers give films with a shorter outdoor life expectancy. Clear films, containing UV absorber, plasticized at 50 phr were exposed in Florida. Four general purpose plasticizers were studied diisodecyl phthalate, DIDP, diisononyl phthalate, DINP, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DOP, and heptyl nonyl undecyl phthalate, HNUP. Less branched and linear phthalate plasticizers (DOP and HNUO) performed very well for 36 months whereas two highly branched plasticizers (DIDP and DINP) were brown after 24 months of exposure. ... 

TABLE 24.3. Mechanical properties of thermoplastics commodity (general purpose) plastics. 

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