Gender alcoholism

Since ALT activity is strongly correlated with necroinflammatory activity, it is also associated with risk of progression to cirrhosis in some, but not all, studies. Clinical variables are also associated with risk of progression these include age at infection, male gender, alcohol intake, and presence of immunosuppression. ... 

Verheul et al. (2004) pooled data from seven European acamprosate studies in an effort to identify patient-related predictors of response to the medication. Although they examined a number of potential predictors, including patients level of physiological dependence before treatment, family history of alcoholism, age of onset of alcoholism, baseline anxiety symptom severity, baseline craving, and gender, none was shown to interact with acamprosate treatment. These findings led the authors to conclude that, although the effect size for acamprosate was moderate, the medication can be considered potentially effective for all patients with alcohol dependence. 

Chick J, Lehert P, Landron F, et al Does acamprosate improve reduction of drinking as well as aiding abstinence J Psychopharmacol 17 397-A02, 2003 Chrostek L, Jelski W, Szmitkowski M, et al Gender-related differences in hepatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase in humans. J Clin Lab Anal 17 93-96, 2003... 

Table 1.2 Nonmedical Drug Use (Excluding Alcohol and Tobacco) in the United States in 2001, by Gender and Racial/Ethnic Group...

Robinson DL, Brunner LJ, Gonzales RA. 2002. Effect of gender and estrous cycle on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol in the rat brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26(2) 165-172. 

Mwenifumbo JC, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF (2007b) Nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 activity in a population of black African descent Impact of gender and light smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend 89 24-33... 

Blaha V, Yang ZJ, et al (1998) Systemic nicotine administration suppresses food intake via reduced meal sizes in both male and female rats. Acta Medica41(4) 167-173 Blanchard BA, Steindorf S, et al (1993) Sex differences in ethanol-induced dopamine release in nucleus accumbens and in ethanol consumption in rats. Alcohol Cfin Exp Res 17(5) 968-973 Booze RM, Welch MA, et al (1999) Behavioral sensitization following repeated intravenous nicotine administration gender differences and gonadal hormones. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 64(4) 827-839... 

Toneatto A, SobeU LC, et al (1992) Gender issues in the treatment of abusers of alcohol, nicotine, and other drags. J Subst Abuse 4(2) 209-218... 

The NovaScan has received substantial testing in a number of laboratory and applied settings. Performance on the NovaScan has been demonstrated to be sensitive to the effects of alcohol, marijuana, diazepam, amphetamine, scopolamine, and an over-the-counter antihistamine.6 59 60 In addition, epidemiological differences in performance associated with gender, age, and occupation have been considered. Variations of the testing paradigm have been used in a number of commercial settings. 

Other researchers have found gender differences in the type of inhalant preferred. For instance, in a Virginia study published in the American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse (October 1999), males were significantly more likely than females to abuse gasoline and females were significantly more likely to abuse hair spray than their male age peers. 

Other risk factors for complete heart block were left bundle branch block, first degree atrioventricular block, female gender, volume of alcohol, and number of septal perforators treated (27-29). 

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