Generator gas

Water vapour is an excellent flame extinguisher because it vaporises with the absorption of heat and then excludes oxygen from the site of the fire. A similar principle has been developed by incorporating hydrated metal oxides that liberate water under combustion conditions. This has 

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Another way would be to generate ones own HBr gas. If you were to take a look in the Crystallization section of this book one would see that the apparatus used is essentially an HCI gas generator. Substituting the commercially available 48% aq. HBr instead of HCI will give one dry HBr gas instead That gas can be channeled directly into acetic acid just like above. 

Static headspace GC/MS. The partitioning of volatile and semivolatile compounds between two phases in a sealed container. An aliquot of the headspace gas generated is injected onto a gas chromatographic column. This is followed by mass spectrometric analysis of compounds eluting from the gas chromatograph. 

The type and amount of blowing agent governs the amount of gas generated, the rate of generation, the pressure that can be developed to expand the polymer phase, and the amount of gas lost from the system relative to the amount retained in the cells. 

Automobile safety air bags use sodium azide [26628-22-8] NaN, for gas generation. It can be made from hydrazine by refluxing ethyl or Abutyl nitrite with hydrazine hydrate and sodium hydroxide in alcohol (209,210) ... 

Methods for the large-scale production of hydrogen must be evaluated in the context of environmental impact and cost. Synthesis gas generation is the principal area requiring environmental controls common to all syngas-based processes. The nature of the controls depends on the feedstock and method of processing. 

Compared to the expression of equation 5, having no axial current flow, power output is reduced by the factor 1/(1 + /5 ). This is because part of the kinetic and thermal energy of the gas generates the axial current j which flows upstream in the gas and returns through the electrode wads. This current does not flow through the external load and so represents a loss. 

Synthesis Gas Generation Routes. Any hydrocarbon that can be converted into a synthesis gas by either reforming with steam (eq. 4) or gasification with oxygen (eq. 5) is a potential feedstock for methanol. 

With these waste-minimization techniques, methanol synthesis is relatively clean, and poses no unique environmental hazards. The need for environmental controls is more closely associated with the synthesis gas generation process. 

Chromyl perchlorate has been suggested for a gas-generating system operating at —45° C (66). 

Between 1930 and 1950, the primary emphasis of ammonia process development was ia the area of synthesis gas generation (3) (see Fuels, SYNTHETIC, GASEOUS FUELs). Extensive coal deposits ia Europe provided the feedstock for the ammonia iadustry. The North American ammonia iadustry was based primarily on abundant suppHes of low cost natural gas (see Gas, natural). 

Synthesis Gas Preparation Processes. Synthesis gas for ammonia production consists of hydrogen and nitrogen in about a three to one mole ratio, residual methane, argon introduced with the process air, and traces of carbon oxides. There are several processes available for synthesis gas generation and each is characterized by the specific feedstock used. A typical synthesis gas composition by volume is hydrogen, 73.65% nitrogen, 24.55% methane, <1 ppm-0.8% argon, 100 ppm—0.34% carbon oxides, 2—10 ppm and water vapor, 0.1 ppm. 

Heavy Hydrocarbon-Based Partial Oxidation Processes. Two major partial oxidation processes are commercially available, the SheU process (38) and the Texaco process (39). Operating conditions in the gas generator vary from 1200°C to 1370°C and from 3100 kPa to 8270 kPa (450—1200 psig). Generally, heavy oils are the hydrocarbon feeds however, the process can also accommodate feeds from natural gas to residual oils. 

With the exception of the ADI process, anaerobic processes usually operate at a temperature of 35°C. In order to maintain this temperature, the methane gas generated ia the process is used to heat the reactor. Anaerobic processes are shown ia Figure 18. Anaerobic treatment performance data are shown ia Table 14. 

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