Nitrogen gas generator

Most recently, a highly unusual membrane composition was reported from anaerobic ammonium-oxidising (anammox) bacteria. In these bacteria, nitrite is reduced, nitrogen gas generated, and carbon dioxide is converted into organic carbon, as the consequence of ammonia reduction. This central energygenerating process can be described as ... 

Nitrogenase— An enzyme synthesized by certain microorganisms that is capable of cleaving the triple bond of nitrogen gas generating ammonium, a biologically useful type of fixed nitrogen. 

Automobile air bags are inflated by nitrogen gas generated by the rapid decomposition of sodium azide, NaN3 ... 

In a collision of sufficient force, automobile air bags respond by electrically triggering the explosive decomposition of sodium azide (NaNj) to its elements. A 50.0-g sample of sodium azide was decomposed, and the nitrogen gas generated was collected over water at 26°C. The total pressure was 745.5 mmHg. How many liters of dry N2 were generated ... 

A deflated air bag contains a nonreactive type of glass as one of the products of the chemical reaction. The nitrogen gas generated escapes through holes in the bag. 

TABLE 22.5 Nitrogen Products and Module Type of UBE Nitrogen Gas Generator... 

Synthesis Gas Preparation Processes. Synthesis gas for ammonia production consists of hydrogen and nitrogen in about a three to one mole ratio, residual methane, argon introduced with the process air, and traces of carbon oxides. There are several processes available for synthesis gas generation and each is characterized by the specific feedstock used. A typical synthesis gas composition by volume is hydrogen, 73.65% nitrogen, 24.55% methane, <1 ppm-0.8% argon, 100 ppm—0.34% carbon oxides, 2—10 ppm and water vapor, 0.1 ppm. 

The air bag industry has become one of the principal users of pyrotechnic compositions in the world. Most of the current air bag systems are based on the thermal decomposition of sodium azide, NaN, to rapidly generate a large volume of nitrogen gas, N2. Air bag systems must function immediately (within 50 ms) upon impact, and must quickly deploy a pulse of reasonably cool, nontoxic, unreactive gas to inflate the protective cushion for the driver or passenger. These formulations incorporate an oxidizer such as iron oxide to convert the atomic sodium that initially forms into sodium oxide, Na20. Equation 1 represents the reaction. 

Denitrification is a process in which facultative organisms will reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in the absence of molecular oxygen. This consequendy results in the removal of BOD. The denitrification process also generates one hydroxyl ion so that alkalinity requirements are reduced to half when both nitrification and denitrification are practiced. 

Fresh charcoal is a strong absorbent for gases, and this is an exothermic process. The heat generated can be enough to cause spontaneous ignition in some cases. Hence it is customaiy to age charcoal by exposure to air and thus cover the absorption sites with a layer of nitrogen gas. Larger molecules will desorb and replace smaller molecules, so the charcoal will still be effective as a decolorant or deodorizer. 

By applying the principles discussed in Section 5.4, you can calculate that for every liter of nitrogen (at 50°C and 1.25 atm) generated by Reaction 1, about 2.0 g of sodium azide and 0.63 g of potassium nitrate are required. This means that to inflate a 15-L airbag, the gas generator should contain at least 30 g of NaN3 and 10 g of KN03. 

In World War II, foe Germans made use of otherwise unusable airplane parts by grinding them up into powdered aluminum. This was made to react with ammonium nitrate to produce powerful bombs. The products of this reaction were nitrogen gas, steam, and aluminum oxide. If 10.00 kg of ammonium nitrate is mixed with 10.00 kg of powdered aluminum, how much heat is generated ... 

Vehicle air bags protect passengers by allowing a chemical reaction to occur that generates gas rapidly. Such a reaction must be both spontaneous and explosively fast. A common reaction is the decomposition of sodium azide, NaN , to nitrogen gas and sodium metal. 

The oxide is used to effect rapid decomposition of hydrazine in a high-temperature gas generator which produces exit pressures (of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia) of 550 bar. 

OBSH is a white crystalline solid that melts with decomposition at 164 °C (in vitreo) to give 125 cm3 nitrogen per gram at STP. Gas generation can occur at as low a temperature as 120 °C, but at this temperature the generation rate is slow. Best gas generation occurs between 145 °C and 160 °C. The product is odourless, non toxic and does not cause discoloration. 

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