Route generator

Whereas chemical hydrolysis of adiponitrile with manganese dioxide resulted in significant by-products, 5% adipamide (ADAM) at 25% conversion of adiponitrile, and waste generation [1.25 kg waste (kg 5-CVAM)-1], the enzymatic route generated about 5% adipamide upon full conversion of adiponitrile, and a fraction of the waste. 

The Petri net model of the supemet (Figure 2e) is implemented in Visual C++ and the total number of routes generated by Petri net is found to be 8. The results of Total Safety-Cost Ratio and Penalty factor estimations for these routes are presented in Table 1. 

The proposed approach provides designer with the opportunity of considering more feasible routes faster through its automatic route generation ability and easier evaluation and comparison of their safety and costs through simultaneous calculation of Total... 

Total synthesis (j ) however is a self-complicating route generating multiple asymmetric centres which provides the investigator with a strong incentive to explore alternative strategies. 

Whole body level parameters are determined by multiple organ parameters, which in turn are a reflection of multiple macromolecular parameters. Thus, in the case of a pair of enantiomers, the observed stereoselectivity for a particular parameter is dependent on the level of organization that the parameter represents and may be either amplified or attenuated [94]. For example, in the case of warfarin, the enantiomeric ratio (R/S 1.93) in half-life is determined primarily by differences in volume of distribution (R/S 1.83) rather than the modest difference in elearanee (R/S 1.05). In contrast, examination of the alternative metabolic routes generates marked differences in stereoselectivity, e.g., aromatic oxidation at the 6-, 7-, and 8-positions of the coumarin ring yields enantiomeric ratios of R/S 1.19, S/R 6.33, and R/S 5.2, respectively. These, together with the... 

The example below shows some of the synthetic routes generated by the Diels Alder transform for the indicated precursor. It is important to note that while some of the chemistry may look somewhat naive, it can be quite thought provoking. 

P-oxidation pathway This metabolic route generates MCL-PHA precursor molecules from fatty acids. The three key enzymes, which catalyses three key reactions include 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase that converts (5)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA into (ff)-3-hydroxyacyl CoA, enoyl-CoA hydratase which converts 2-frans-enoyl-CoA into (if)-3-hydroxyacyl CoA, and finally 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase which converts 3-ketoacyl-CoA to (R)-3-hydroxyacyl CoA (Huisman et al., 1989). 

This elegant route generated the p-hydroxydopa residue 23 in 98% yield and 99% ee, which is rather close to perfect ... 

Fig,10,60, Level scheme for optical pumping of Zeeman levels by light linearly polarized in y direction. Each of the two excited Zeeman levels can decay into three final state sublevels. Superposition of the two different routes generates interference effects... 

While these polynomials were an example, in routes generated by the other methods (the previously trigonometric path), the influences between the equations exist in the same way. In other cases, it was observed that a temporal route can reduce the deviation with an increase in wave amplitude. 

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