Methane flux

K. Hillman, H. van Wyk, E. Milne, C.S. Stewart, and M.F. Fuller, in Symposium on Global Methane Flux, Abstracts, Society for General Microbiology, 1995, p. 24. 

An estimate of the annual methane flux into the atmosphere can be calculated by adding the sinks and the annual increase. These data (Table II) indicate that a flux of 375-475 trillion tons(Tg) per year would be required to account for an annual increase of50-60 trillion tons (7). Estimates of sources of atmospheric methane indicate that up to 83% is biogenic in origin (5). The other abiogenic... 

Nouchi I, Hosono T, Aoki K, Minami K. Seasonal variation in methane flux from rice paddies associated with methane concentration in soil water, rice biomass and temperature, and its modeling. Plant Soil. 1994 161 195-208. 

Smartt AD, Rogers CW, Brye KR, Norman RJ, Smartt WJ, Hardke JT, Frizzell DL, Casteneda-Gonzalez E. Growing-season methane fluxes and emissions from a silt-loam soil as influenced by rice cultivar. In Norman RJ, Moldenhauer KAK, editors. B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies, 2014. Fayetteville Arkansas Agric. Expt. Stn. Res. Ser. 62 2015. pp. 289-297. 

Cicerone RJ, Shelter JD, Delwiche CC. 1983. Seasonal variation of methane flux from a California rice paddy. Journal of Geophysical Research 88 11022-11024. 

Segers R. 1998. Methane production and methane consumption a review of processes underlying wetland methane fluxes. Bio geochemistry 41 23-51. 

The biologically active surface (to 10 cm depth) has a methane flux that varies between 1 and 100 mmC/m2 per day. The hydrate results from free gas and gas dissolved in water. Two types of hydrate fabric result (1) porous hydrates, from accumulation of bubbles of free gas and (2) massive hydrates, with twice the density of porous hydrates (0.9 g/L versus 0.4 g/L). In the recent Raman spectroscopy, southern Hydrate Ridge experiments by the MBARI (Hester et al., 2005), the near-surface hydrate Raman specta contained significant amounts of free gas as well as hydrates, with only a trace of hydrogen sulfide in the methane gas. 

Another way of considering the hydrates at Hydrate Ridge relates to the SMI concept of Pauli, indicated in Section 7.2.2. At Hydrate Ridge, hydrates near the surface (up to a few meters) are related to rapid methane flux from below, perhaps with contributions from dissociated hydrates. While these hydrates relate to the SMI, as indicated in reaction (7.5), the methane comes from below, and the... 

Figure 4.18 Comparison of (a) cross-flow, (b) counter-flow and (c) counter-flow sweep module performance for the separation of water vapor from natural gas. Pressure-normalized methane flux 5 x 10 6cm3(STP)/cm2 s cmHg membrane selectivity, water/methane 200...

Table 4.15. Methane emissions from different sources recalculated for carbon equivalent. From EPA (2001). Estimates of methane fluxes are given in 106 tC per year.

Figure 4.15. Block diagram for formation and transport of methane in waterlogged country. Notation FlCHi is the methane flux across the atmosphere/water body interface F2CHi is the oxidation of methane in aerobic zones FCH is the intensity of the methane source M is methane concentration.

Jagovkina S.V. Karol I.L. Zubov V.A. Lagun V.E. Reshemikov A.I. and Rosanov E.V. (2000). An estimation of the gas deposits leakage input into the total methane flux from the West Siberian region. Proceedings of the Second International Methane Mitigation Conference (June 18-23, 2000, Novosibirsk). Novosibirsk State University Publ., Novosibirsk, pp. 263 -267. 

Reaction of CH4 with OH accounts for the destruction of 76% of the methane flux to the atmosphere. Other sinks of tropospheric methane are shown in Table 9.2. 

Table 13.4 Methane fluxes from estuarine regions.

Bianchi, T.S., Freer, M.E., and Wetzel, R.G. (1996) Temporal and spatial variability and the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in methane fluxes from the Sabine River floodplain (Southeast Texas, USA). Arch. Hydrobiol. 136, 261-287. 

Chanton, J.P., and Dacey, J.W.H. (1991) Effects of vegetation on methane flux, and carbon isotopic composition. In Trace Gas Emissions by Plants (Mooney, H.A., and Sharkey, T. eds.), pp. 65-92, Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 

Chanton, J.P., Whiting, GL. Showers, W.J., and Crill, P.M. (1992) Methane flux from Petulandra virginica stable isotope tracing and chamber effects. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 6, 15-31. 

Scranton, M.I., and McShane, K. (1991) Methane fluxes in the southern North Sea the role of European rivers. Cont. Shelf Res. 11, 37-52. 

As described in Sect. 4.2.3 the (inverse) photon efficiency is the basis for the determination of particle fluxes from measured photon fluxes. For hydrocarbons, the destruction events are dissociation processes of the parent molecule. Following the discussion in the previous paragraphs two relations can be now defined (1) rcH4 = (-Deff/A B) 4 x and (2) Tc2hh = ( Deff/Xx r. These correlations offer a method to quantify the methane flux as well as the flux of the higher hydrocarbons which are re-... 

Bartlett, K.B., P. M. Grill, D. I. Sebacher, R. C. Harriss, J. O. Wilson, and J. M. Melack. 1988. "Methane flux from the central Amazonian floodplain." Journal of Geophysical Research 93 1574-1582. 

Bartlett, K. B., P. M. Grill, J. A. Bonassi, J. E. Richey, and R. C. Harris. 1990. "Methane flux from Central Amazonian floodplains Emission during rising water." Journal of Geophysical Research 95 16,733-16,788. 

Methane flux measurements can be made at scales larger than chambers with aircraft boundary layer measurements (100 km) or micrometeoro-logical measurements using towers (100 m). Chamber, tower, and aircraft measurements were compared in two field campaigns the Arctic Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 3A)... 

Borowski W., Pauli C. K., and Ussier W., Ill (1996) Marine pore water sulfate profiles indicate methane flux from underlying gas hydrates. Geology 24, 655-658. 

Christensen T. R., Jonasson S., Callaghan T. V., and Havstrdm M. (1995) Spatial variation in a high-latitude methane flux... 

Dickens G. R. (2001b) Sulfate profiles and barium fronts in sediment on the Blake Ridge present and past methane fluxes through a large gas hydrate reservoir. Geochim. Cosmochim Acta 65, 529-543. 

FroUdng S. and Crill P. (1994) Climate controls on temporal variability of methane flux from a poor fen in southeastern New-Hampshire—measurement and modeling. Global Biogeochem Cycles 8, 385-397. 

Schimel J. P. (1995) Plant transport and methane production as controls on methane flux from arctic wet meadow tundra. Biogeochemistry 110, 414-422. 

Segers R. and Leffelaar P. A. (2001a) Modeling methane fluxes in wetlands with gas tranporting plants 1. Single-root scale. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 3511-3528. 

Torn M. S. and Chapin E. S., Ill (1993) Environmental and biotic controls over methane flux from arctic tundra. Chemosphere 26, 357- 368. 

Ward B. B., Kilpatrick K. A., Novelli P. C., and Scranton M. 1. (1987) Methane oxidation and methane fluxes in the ocean surface layer and deep anoxic waters. Nature 327, 226-229. 

Whalen S. C. and Reeburgh W. S. (1988) A methane flux time series for tundra environments. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2, 399-409. 

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