Gas chromatography-atomic absorption

Chakraborti D, DeJonghe WRA, Mol WE, et al. 1984. Determination of ionic alkyllead compounds in water by gas chromatography/atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chem 56 2692-2697. 

The various tetraalkyltin compounds were then identified and quantitated by GC MS and gas chromatography-atomic absorption analyses. The results indicated that tin(II) chloride in the simulated sea water was converted into methyltin trichloride and dimethyltin dichloride. The tin(IV) chloride, on the other hand, only formed methyltin trichloride. No trace of trimethyltin chloride was found from either tin(II) or tin(IV). The maximum amount of methyltin trichloride was formed near pH = 6 and at a salinity of 28%. The rate expression for the reaction is... 

Spectrophotometric methods Gas chromatography Atomic absorption spectrometry Miscellaneous... 

Hewitt, C.N. and Harrison, R.M. (1985) A sensitive, specific method for the determination of tetraalkyllead compounds in air by gas chromatography/atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Actarom., 167, 277-287. 

Dirkx, W.M.R. and Adams, F.C. (1992) Speciation of organotin compounds in water and sediments by gas chromatography/atomic absorption spectrometry (GC-AAS). Mikrochim. Acta, 109, 79. 

Chau, Y.K., Zhang, S. and Maguire, R.J. (1992) Determination of butyltin species in sewage and sludge by gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry. Analyst, 117, 1161-1164. 

Bergmann, K. and B. Neidhart. 2001. In situ propylation of ionic organotin and organolead species in water samples—extraction and determination of the resulting tetraorganometallic compounds by gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Sep. Sci. 24 221-225. 

Gas chromatography-atomic absorption (AA) has gained popularity because the interfacing is quite simple. In its crudest form, the effluent from the GC column is directly connected to the nebulization chamber of the AA. Here, the effluent is allowed to be swept into the flame by the oxidant and flame gases. There have been several recent reviews of the technique [127,128]. 

Many other household products can be analysed in similar ways to those described above for chemicals. Household bleach is essentially an inorganic chemical. There has been concern expressed about mercury levels in hypochlorite bleach because of the way it is manufactured. The cold vapour reduction/aeration method referred to above is a good way of determining low mercury levels with minimal matrix problems [82]. In the past organo-mercurial compounds have been used (e.g. as bactericides) in some household products these may be selectively determined by extraction with an organic solvent (e.g. carbon tetrachloride or benzene), and then application of the cold-vapour method following the addition of cysteine acetate, or by coupled gas chromatography/atomic absorption [83],... 

Salih, B. Speciation of inorganic and organolead compounds by gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry and the determination of lead species after pre-concentration onto diphenylthiocarbazone-anchored polymeric microbeads. Spectrochim. Acta B 55, 1117-1127 (2000)... 

Chau, Y. K., Wong, P. T. S., Goulden, P. D. Gas-chromatography-atomic absorption method for the determination of dimethylselenide and dimethyldiselenide. Anal. Chem. 47,... 

Wolf, W. R. Coupled gas-chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry for the nanogram determination of chromium. AnaL Chem. 48, 1717 (1976)... 

A number of tests are available for the chemical characterization of medical device materials to establish material safety and biocompatibility. These tests include infrared analysis, aqueous and non-aqueous physicochemical tests, high-performance liquid and gas chromatography, atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and a variety of mechanical/physical tests. 

Paudyn A, Van Loon JC. 1986. Determination of organic forms of mercury and arsenic in water and atmospheric samples by gas chromatography-atomic absorption. Fresenius Z Anal Chem 325 369-376. 

The between bottle homogeneity was verified by the determination of TBT on intakes of 2 g. The technique used for this study was hydride generation/cold trapping-gas chromatography/atomic absorption spectrometry. No significant differences were observed between the CV of the method (8.7 2.8%) and the CV within-bottles (8.2 1.8%). The CV between-bottles appeared to be significantly higher than the CV within-bottles (18.3 2.9%) however, the value found corresponded to determinations... 

Cai Y, Rapsomanikis S, Andreae MO (1993) Determination of butyltin compounds in sediment using gas chromatography - atomic absorption spectrometry comparison of sodium tetrahydroborate and sodium tetraethylborate derivatization methods. Anal Chim Acta 274, 243-251. 

Coe M, Cruz R, Van Loon JC. 1980. Determination of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese-tricarbonyl by gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry at ng m levels in air samples. Anal Chim Acta 120 171-176. 

A range of chromatographic techniques coupled to element specific detectors has been used in speciation studies to separate individual organometallic species (e.g., butyltins, arsenic species) and to separate metals bovmd to various biomolecules. The combination of a chromatographic separation with varying instrumental detection systems are commonly called coupled, hybrid, or hyphenated techniques (e.g., liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS), gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectroscopy (GC-AAS)). The detection systems used in coupled techniques include MS, ICP-MS, atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), AAS, ICP-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and atomic emission detection (AED). 

Norin H, Christakopoulos A (1982) Evidence for the presence of arsenobetaine and other organoarsenicals in shrimps. Chemosphere 11 287-298 Norin H, Ryhage R, Christakopoulos A, Sandstrom (1983) New evidence for the presence of arsenobetaine in shrimps (Pandalus borealis) by use of pyrolysis gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry/mass spectromety. Chemosphere 12 299-315... 

Coker reported a gas chromatography/atomic absorption spectrometry technique for alkylleads in which he could analyze a sample in 5 min with a detection limit of 0.2 ppm lead, a value, he points out suitable for determining trace lead in unleaded gasoline. Alkyl-lead has recently been determined in the atmosphere with a GC-micro-wave plasma detector by Reamer et al. ... 

Chau et al have applied gas chromatography atomic absorption to the determination of tetraalkyllead compounds in water, sediments and fish samples in high lead areas. Of some 50 fish samples analyzed, only one sample was found to contain detectable amounts (0.26 g/g) of tetramethyllead in the fillet. Since there is no known tetraalkyllead industry and tetramethyllead is not used in gasoline in this area, the source of tetramethyllead is not yet known. The possibility that... 

Chan, L., The Determination of Tetraalkyl Lead Compounds in Petrol Using Combined Gas Chromatography—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Forensic Sci. Intern. 18 [1981] 57/62. 

Hewitt, C. N., Harrison, R. M., A Sensitive, Specific Method for the Determination of Tetra-alkyllead Compounds in Air by Gas Chromatography/Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta 167 [1985] 277/87. 

Harrison, R. M., Radojevic, M., Determination of Tetraalkyl and Ionic Alkyllead Compounds in Environmental Samples by Butylation and Gas Chromatography-Atomic Absorption, Environ. Technol. Letters 6 [1985] 129/36. 

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