Dimethyltin dichloride

Physica.1 Properties. Physical properties of some typical diorganotin compounds are shown in Table 6. The diorganotin chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble in many organic solvents and, except for dimethyltin dichloride, are insoluble in water. 

Dimethyltin dichloride has a similar chain structure (375). In diethyltin diiodide (374), dimethyltin diisothiocyanate (376, 377), and di-chloro bis(chloromethyl)stannane (378), however, the distorted, trans-RgSnX geometry of each tin atom is completed by two bridging bonds involving the halogen or pseudohalogen atoms on the same, neighboring molecule. 

Dimethyltin dichloride is used in the glass industry as an alternative to stannic chloride for coating glass with a thin film of stannic oxide 562). The dialkyltin compound vapor is brought into contact with the glass surface at temperatures of 500-600°C, where decomposition and oxidation occurs. 

Dimethyltin dichloride (hRf 15-20), trimethyltin chloride (h/ f 55-60), dibutyltin dichloride (h/ f 70-75) and tributyltin methoxide (h/ f 80-85) appeared in long-wavelength UV light (X = 365 nm) as yellow fluorescent chromatogram zones on a dark background. The detection limits (calculated as Sn) lay between 5 and 10 ng (dimethyltin dichloride, dibutyltin dichloride, tributyltin methoxide) and 50 ng (trimethyltin chloride) substance per chromatogram zone. 

Fig. 1 Fluorescence scan of a chromatogram track with 100 ng substance (calculated as Sn) each per chromatogram zone 1 = dimethyltin dichloride, 2 = trimethyltin chloride, 3 = dibutyltin dichloride, 4 = tributyltin methoxide.

Monomethyltin trichloride Dimethyltin dichloride Monobutyltin trichloride Dibutyltin dichloride Monooctyltin trichloride Dioctyltin dichloride... 

Dimethyltin dichloride 3% degradation in 35 days Not readily biodegradable g)... 

Similar calculations have been undertaken for the mono- and dimethyltin compounds and the mono- and dioctyltin compounds. All of the calculations and input data used are the same (in terms of quantities used at a site, losses to air, and percentages lost to wastewater). It is assumed that the stabilizer compounds contained either 50% each of monomethyltin trichloride and dimethyltin dichloride (for the methyltins) or 50% each of monooctyltin trichloride and dioctyltin dichloride (for the octyltin compounds). 

Dermal exposure of rats to doses of dimethyltin dichloride at 80 mg/kg body weight produced dermal necrosis with the formation of black scars the same dose of dibutyltin dichloride produced little surface damage to the skin together with subcutaneous oedema. Dioctyltin dichloride produced no skin lesions (Barnes Stoner,... 

Arakawa Wada (1993) dosed rats with mono-methyltin trichloride or dimethyltin dichloride for 10 days at 5 mg/kg body weight per day and reported no effects on thymus weight this is the only study examining immunotoxic end-points for the methyltins. 

Similar studies on dimethyltin dichloride and monooctyltin trichloride showed no effects on the lymphoid organs (Seinen et al., 1977a). 

MMTC, monomethyltin trichloride DMTC, dimethyltin dichloride MBTC, monobutyltin trichloride DBTC, dibutyltin dichloride MOT, monooctyltin MOTC, monooctyltin trichloride MOT(IOMA), monooctyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate) DOT, dioctyltin DOTC, dioctyltin dichloride DOT(IOMA), dioctyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate)... 

Hamasaki et al. (1992) reported that monobutyltin oxide, monobutyltin trichloride, and dibutyltin dichloride showed high SOS-inducing potency in the SOS chromotest with iiic/rerrc/rra co/r PQ 37. Dibutyltin dichloride and dimethyltin dichloride were also recognized as producing DNA damage by the rec-assay in Bacillus subtilis H 17 Rec and M45 Rec. Li et al. 

The direct and indirect assessment of the aneuploidy-inducing potency of a number of organotin compounds was reported by Jensen et al. (1991a). The effects of dimethyltin dichloride, diphenyltin dichloride, trimethyltin chloride, tributyltin chloride, and triphenyl-tin chloride at 10 -10 mol/1 on chromosomal contractions in cultures of human peripheral lymphocytes were investigated. Diphenyltin dichloride, trimethyltin chloride, tributyltin chloride, and triphenyl-tin chloride appeared to be very strong inducers of chromosomal supercontraction, indicating that these compounds induce aneuploidy, probably by affecting... 

One of six workers died 12 days after exposure to a mixture of half dimethyltin dichloride and half trimeth-yltin chloride vapour during cleaning of a cauldron at a chemical plant in Germany in 1981. Maximum exposure time was 1.5 h over a 3-day period no estimates of exposure concentration were made. Symptoms preceding death included excretion of high levels of tin in the urine, respiratory depression, and coma (Rey et al.,... 

Cannon Laboratories (1979) Acute oral toxicity of 1185-13 (dioctyltin dichloride), 28G082, 28H047, 1185-114, 1219-21 (dimethyltin dichloride), 1185-150, 1185-119 and 1185-138 in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Reading, PA, Cannon Laboratories Inc., 21 March. 

Noland EA, MeCauley PT, Bull RJ (1983) Dimethyltin dichloride Investigations into its gastrointestinal absorption and trans-plaeental transfer. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 12 89-98. 

Dimethyltin dichloride can be synthesized from methyl chloride, tin(II) chloride and molten tin. The reaction proceeds in high yields in NaAlCLt melt359. High yields in tri-organotin halides are also obtained from tin and lower alkyl halides, provided an equimolar amount of halide is added to the reaction medium360. 

The methyl-[14C]-dimethyltin chloride was used to compare the performance of packed and megabore capillary columns in a gas chromatographic analysis for separating mixtures of a carbon-14 labelled trimethyllead chloride, tetramethyltin, dimethyltin dichloride and methyltin trichloride. The megabore column was able to separate all four methyltin compounds quickly, i.e., before the tetramethyltin decomposed into trimethyltin chloride and dimethyltin dichloride (equation 47), a reaction which did occur on the packed columns. Thus, the megabore column enabled the determination of the precise distribution of the various methyltin compounds in an environmental sample. The packed columns, on the other hand, could not separate dimethyltin dichloride and the methyltin trichloride and allowed significant decomposition of the tetramethyltin during the 15 minutes the analysis required. 

The various tetraalkyltin compounds were then identified and quantitated by GC MS and gas chromatography-atomic absorption analyses. The results indicated that tin(II) chloride in the simulated sea water was converted into methyltin trichloride and dimethyltin dichloride. The tin(IV) chloride, on the other hand, only formed methyltin trichloride. No trace of trimethyltin chloride was found from either tin(II) or tin(IV). The maximum amount of methyltin trichloride was formed near pH = 6 and at a salinity of 28%. The rate expression for the reaction is... 

Since the reaction is first order in both methyl iodide and tin(II), the dimethyltin dichloride is thought to be formed in a disproportionation reaction (Scheme 11). 

Hamasaki and coworkers87 investigated the genotoxicity of 14 organic tin compounds (methyl-, butyl- and phenyltins) and inorganic tin (SnCU) on Escherichia coli and on Bacillus subtilis. Dibutyltin dichloride, tributyltin chloride, tributyltin chloride, bis(tributyl-tin)oxide, dimethyltin dichloride and trimethyltin chloride were all found to be genotoxic. 

Lithium alkylamides react with dimethyltin dichloride to give the cyclotristannazane, which is methylated by trimethyl-aluminum, -gallium, or -indium, giving the metal stannylamides, which are coordinatively dimerized (Equation (167)).503... 

Adachi and Mizuhashi investigated the oxidation of dimethyltin dichloride (DMTC) in a cold wall reactor [30]. They reported that the order of reaction is about one half in both oxygen and DMTC, similar to what was found by Ghoshtagore for the oxidation of SnCU [32,33]. Like Ghoshtagore, they also proposed that the reaction was diffusion limited at higher temperatures and surface reaction-limited at lower temperatures. They found an activation energy of 34 kcal moC in the kinetically limited region. 

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