Garment

Commercially, elastomeric fibers are almost always used in combination with hard fibers such as nylon, polyester, or cotton. Use levels vary from a low of about 3% in some filling stretch cotton fabrics to a high of about 40% in some warp-knit tricot fabrics. Raschel fabrics used in foundation garments normally contain 10—20% spandex fiber. 

High purity hexafluorozirconic acid and its salts are produced by Advance Research Chemicals of the United States, and Akita and Moritta of Japan. The technical-grade green-colored material is suppHed by Cabot Corp. of the United States. In 1993, the U.S. market for fluorozirconic acid was about 250,000 kg/yr the world market was less than 500,000 kg/yr. A principal part of this production is consumed by the wool, garment, and upholstery industries. The 1993 price varied between 2.4 to 6.6/kg depending on the quaUty and quantity required. Potassium fluorozirconate [16923-95-8], K ZrF, is commercially important the world market is about 750,000 kg/yr. The most important appHcation is as a fire-retardant material in the wool (qv) industry, for the manufacture of garments, upholstery for aeroplane industry, and children s clothes (see Flame retardants). The 1993 unit price was between 5.0 and 6.6/kg. 

Requirements for space suits are more complex and frequently involve garments that can circulate water and/or air through the fibrous assembly. Laminated and/or coated garments with specific requirements to pressure, radiation, temperature, and humidity are more stmcturaHy complex as a textile product relative to the types of fibers used in this aerospace fabrication. 

Buffiag may be only to remove surface blemishes such as iasect bites or minor healed scratches, or the buffing may be to make a suede surface. Newbuck is a light suedeiag of the grain of catde hide leather. Sheepskin suede is usually buffed on the flesh side of the skin. SpHts may be buffed to make buck shoe leather or heavy garment leather, often called ranch hide. The variations depend on the desires of the customer. 

Nonwoven wipe categories include products for babies and adults, the food service and electronics industries, medical and clean room appHcations, industrial cleaning, computer diskettes, and household products such as dusters, tea towels, shoe cleaning cloths, towelettes, and hand towels. Nonwoven fabrics are used to filter air, water, petroleum (qv), food, and beverages. Nonwovens loaded with abrasives, cleansers, or finishes can be found in a variety of products used by many industries and in many homes to scour or poHsh. Also, a majority of garments designed to protect industrial workers and consumers from hazardous environments are made from nonwoven fabrics. 

Heavy-duty wiping materials and some disposable garments are made from nonwoven ceUulose mats which are reinforced with a synthetic fiber, eg, nylon scrim network the spacing of the synthetic threads is 0.5—1.0 cm (108). 

The steps followed in the precure are repeated in the postcure process, except that after the drying step the goods are shipped to a garment manufacturer who makes garments, presses them into the desired shape with creases or pleats, and then cures the amino resin on the completed garment. 

It is important that the amino resins used in the postcure process should ( /) not react with the fabric before it has been fashioned into a garment, and (2) release a minimum amount of formaldehyde into the atmosphere, especially while the goods are in storage or during the cutting and sewing operations. These requirements are met, at present, with the diethylene glycol modified DMDHEU resin. 

NIOSH/MSHA-approved respiratory protection devices should be used. For skin protection, use of protective garments and gloves of Viton, Nitrile, or PVA constmction should be made. The acute effects of overexposure to styrene are shown in Table 6 (74). 

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