Future concept vehicles

Table 7.7. Performance of existing alternative vehicles and future concept vehicles (SAE 1998)...

The most advanced among today s projects is the future American reusable launch system known as Venture Star. It utilizes two new concepts that are expected to boost efficiency and cut down the cost of a payload. The first is the single stage-to-orbit concept—the launch vehicle carries the entire propellant load and does not have any expendable parts. The latter is planned to be achieved by a revolutionary rocket engine design called Aerospike. The bell-shaped noz-... 

This chapter illustrated the broad spectrum of uses for plant-derived vaccines and therapeutic proteins. Many of the biopharmaceuticals listed in this chapter were developed in transgenic tobacco or potato plants. While tobacco is not ideal for the expression of vaccine proteins nor is raw potato ideal for oral consumption, they are both relatively easy to work with and have been well characterized, making them useful for proof-of-concept studies. The use of plants for production systems and delivery vehicles holds great promise for future biopharmaceutical development. Proteins can be produced in plants while remaining biologically functional they can be scaled up for large production and purified inexpensively and with relative ease. The following chapters describe the many attributes of plant-made biopharmaceuticals in more detail. 

There are, however, some distinctive differences between the environmental and the other aspects of catalysis. Fust, the feed and operation conditions of environmental catalysts cannot be changed in order to increase conversion or selectivity, as commonly done for chemical production catalysts. Second, environmental catalysis has a role to play not only in industrial processes, but also in emission control (auto, ship, and flight emissions), and even in our daily life (water purifiers). Consequently, the concept of environmental catalysis is vital for a sustainable future. Last but not least, environmental catalysts often operate in more extreme conditions than catalysts in chemical production. There are also cases, such as automotive vehicles, where they have to operate efficiently for a continuously varying feed flow rate and composition. 

Zarif L, Mannino RJ. Cochleates lipid-based vehicles for gene delivery-concept, achievements and future development. In Kluwer H, ed. Cancer Gene Therapy Past Achievements and Future Challenges. New York Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000 83. 

The committee believes that this is an important area for further research and that it should be pursued vigorously to find the best chemicals for this use and to improve the economics of their manufacture and regeneration. The DOE should also continue to encourage other game-changing concepts because of the pivotal importance of this need to the future of fuel-cell-powered vehicles. 

In addition, the color of the material must be matched to the theme of the car and the leather or fabric seats being utilized. Designers will often draw inspiration from other design disciplines, such as industrial design, fashion, or aeronautics. Research is conducted into global trends in design for projects two to three model years in the future. Trend boards are created from this research in order to keep track of design influences as they relate to the automobile industry. Themes and concepts are developed to refine vehicle models further. 

All of the future vehicle concepts listed in Table 17.1 call upon increased electrical capacity and power compared with today s conventional automobiles. The battery requirements of these future vehicles will not be met by present lead-acid products. Adjustments to the grid design and to the surface area and conductivity of the negative active-mass, as well as the deployment of elements capable of reducing the proclivity of the cell to evolve gas (especially hydrogen) during charging, all show... 

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