Soil fungicides

Dimercury dichloride Etridiazole Furalaxyl Hexachlorophene Metalaxyl Methasulfocarb Methyl isothiocyanate Paraformaldehyde Pentachloronitrobenzene fungicide, soil treatment Copper potassium sulfide 3,5-Dimethyl tetrahydro-2-H,1,3,5-thiadiazone-2-thione Potassium ethyl xanthate fungicide, soil-borne diseases Tolclofos-methyl... 

Uses Wetting agent, emulsifier, dispersant, binder used in refractories, bricks, construction, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides soil stabilizer Properties Yel, powd. water sol, dens. 28-32 Ib/fP pH 4.5 (27%) 95% act. Lignosol D-10, D-30 [Borregaard LignoTech USA]... 

See Fertilizers Fungicides, agricultural FEerbicides Insect contr.ol technology Soil chemistuy of pesticides. 

Microtubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. The ben2imida2oles were first reported to have systemic fungicidal activity in 1964 (29). Prominent examples include thiabendazole [148-79-8] (42) fuberida2ole [3878-19-1] (43) carbendazim [10605-21-7] (44) benomyl [17804-35-2] (45) and thiophanate methyl [23564-05-8] (46). Benomyl (45), the most widely used member of this group is almost certainly inactive as a fungicide until it is converted in plants and soil to carbendazim (44). Likewise, thiophanate and thiophanate methyl (46) are nonfungitoxic until converted to carbendazin (44). 

Manganese Ethylenebis(thiocarbamate). Maneb [12427-38-2] (C4HgMnN2S (1), is a yellow powder used as a leaf and soil fungicide (see Fungicides, agricultural). Maneb is obtained by treating disodium ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) with an aqueous solution of maganese(II) sulfate (37). 

Pesticide type H = herbicide I = insecticide SF = soil fumigate F = fungicide and N = nematicide. 

A commercial soil or seed treatment fungicide, 5-ethoxy-3-trichlotomethyl-l,2,4-thiadia2ole [2593-15-9] (etridia2ole) is prepared from 2-chloro-3-trichloromethyl-l,2,4-thiadia2ole [5848-93-17, a product of trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride and trichloroacetarnidine (68). 

In paints, zinc oxide serves as a mildewstat and acid buffer as well as a pigment. The oxide also is a starting material for many zinc chemicals. The oxide supphes zinc in animal feeds and is a fertilizer supplement used in zinc-deficient soils. Its chemical action in cosmetics (qv) and dmgs is varied and complex but, based upon its fungicidal activity, it promotes wound healing. It is also essential in nutrition. Zinc oxide is used to prepare dental cements in combination with eugenol and phosphoric and poly(acrylic acid)s (48) (see Dental materials). 

Method 1613 of US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was used for the PCDD detection in the objects of environment (water, soil etc.). PCDD detection was done with the help of Polaris Q gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometer on mass-spectrum of electronic impact in the MS-MS mode. Division of isomer PCDD was carried out on a capillary column from the sintered quartz DB-5 MS (60 m x 0,25 mm, thickness of tape 0,25 p.m). The same device was used for detection of fungicides formulations active ingredients in soil. 

The fungicides are among the chemicals of wide use as plant diseases control agents in intensive agriculture. At the same time these pesticides could have toxic effects, when accumulated in man and animals. Because of general society concern about fungicides use, they should be monitored in waters, soils and crops. 

Prohibit the advertisement, supply, storage and use of pesticides unless they have been approved. Pesticides includes herbicides, fungicides, wood preservatives, plant growth hormones, soil stenlants, bird or animal repellants. 

Agriculture Soil stabilization microencapsulation of mineral fertilizers, fungicides, and herbicides... 

Regarding soils, a central issue is the persistence and movement of pesticides that are widely used in agriculture. Many different insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and molluscicides are applied to agricultural soils, and there is concern not only about effects that they may have on nontarget species residing in soil, but also on the possibility of the chemicals finding their way into adjacent water courses. 

Dec J, K Haider, A Benesi, V Rangaswamy, A Schaffer, U Pliicken, J-M Bollag (1997b) Analysis of soil-bound residues of C-labelled fungicide cyprodinil by NMR spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 31 1128-1135. 

Flutolanil is a benzanilide fungicide discovered and developed by Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd. Flutolanil exhibits excellent control against the following pathogens at rates of 300-1000gha (foliar spray), 1.5-3.0gkg (seed treatment) and 2.5-10.0 kg ha (soil incorporation) Rhizoctonia solani on rice. 

The soil sterilizer metham (sodium methyldithiocarbamale) may act simultaneously as a fungicide, a nematodidde, and an herbicide [4, 5, 30, 41]. Metham itself is relatively toxic (the FD50 is 285 mg/ kg for white mice, and 820 mg/kg for... 

Hutta, M., Rybar, I., Chalanyova, M. (2002). Liquid chromatographic method development for determination of fungicide enantiomers by achiral and chiral column switching technique in water and soil. J. Chromatogr. A 959, 143-152. 

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