Plant disease control agents

The fungicides are among the chemicals of wide use as plant diseases control agents in intensive agriculture. At the same time these pesticides could have toxic effects, when accumulated in man and animals. Because of general society concern about fungicides use, they should be monitored in waters, soils and crops. 

Reviews on many antibiotics including cycloheximide, griseofulvin and streptomycin tested for the purpose of agricultural use in western countries have been published (1-6). It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the present status of antibiotics as plant disease control agents. The discussion will mainly be limited to antibiotics which are practically used as new pesticides in Japan. For the other literature, the reader may refer the reviews mentioned above. 

Davidson, S. H. 2-Cyano-2-hydrox iminoacetamides as plant disease control agents. US3954992 (1976) published 1976-05-04, priority 1972-03-15 (Continuation-in-part of patent application US 1972-234997). 

The final section, AUelocherrUcals as Plant Disease Control Agents, looks at black shank fungus in tobacco, suppression of Fusarium Wilt and other fungi microorganisms, antifungal and antibacterial compounds in Peruvian plants, and the description of a countercurrent chromatographic separation of complex alkaloids in tall fescue. 

The enantioselective synthesis of a-trifluoromethyl arylmethylamines by Ru(II)/ aminoindanol ATH is very efficient, giving products in high yield and e.e. (Fig. 19). Several ligands have been used and tested, and a good number of examples have been reported, including an application for the synthesis of an analogue of a plant disease control agent [88]. 

Use Organic synthesis, heat-transfer agent, fungistat in packaging of citrus fruit, plant disease control, manufacture of benzidine, dyeing assistant for polyesters. 

MAJOR USES Intermediate for polychlorinated biphenyls organic synthesis heat transfer agent plant disease control dyeing assistant for polyesters manufacturing of benzidine fun-gistat in packaging of citrus fruit. 

Proper understanding of allelopathic crop and weed plants including their growth stages at which toxin production occurs and characterization of allelopathic agents frcm these plants provide new avenues for developing technologies in weed control, crop efficiency, pest control and plant diseases. 

Knudsen I M B, Hockenhull J, Jensen D F, Gerhardson B, Hokeberg R, Tahvonen R, Teperi E, Sundheim L and Henriksen B (1997), Selection of biological control agents for controlling soil and seed-borne diseases in the field , Europ. J. Plant Pathol., 103, 775-784. 

Fermentation products have played a rather minor role in the control of plant diseases. Table VI gives a classification of agents used on plants. These are divided into pesticides and growth modulators. The pesticides are classified as bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides and herbicides. There are fermentation products in each of these categories, and these are listed in Table VII. 

In field crops, disease control using soil disinfectants Is unthinkable. The costs and an undesirable effect on soil flora and fauna are prohibitive for such a method of treatment. An agent Is needed that Is absorbed by the aerial plant parts and moves In the phloem basipetally Into the roots where It gives the roots therapeutic protection. 

Langcake, P. (1981) Alternative Chemical Agents for Controlling Plant Disease. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London B295, 83-101. 

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