Fungicides in soil

A Spectrophotometric method has been described for determining down to 2pg of this fungicide in soil based on the formation of a coloured reaction product with aniline [256],... 

Kimura and Miller [28] have also studied the decomposition of organic fungicides in soil to mercury vapour and to methyl- or ethylmercury compounds and devised methods for the determination of these compounds in the vapours liberated from the soil sample. The mixed vapours of mercury and organomercury compounds is passed successively through bubblers containing a carbonate-phosphate solution to absorb organic... 

Hine, R.B., Johnson, D.L., Wenger, C.J. (1969) Persistence of two benzimidazole fungicides in soil and their fungistatic activity against Phymatotrichum omnivorum. Phytopathology 59, 798-801. 

Aniline is released in the presence of denitrifying and methanogenic microbial activity238b. The pKa value suggests that in moist soils, aniline will be protonated, and bound to soil, which inhibits degradation. Volatilization does not take place from dry soils, based on the vapor pressure. Studies have been made on the metabolism of aniline-derived products, such as herbicides and fungicides, in soil. Chloroanilines bind to organics in... 

More detailed studies of the microbial relationships involved In enhanced degradation of the dicarboximide fungicides in soils are currently being undertaken in the Department of the Environmental... 

Sanchez-Brunete, C., Miguel, E., and Tadeo, J. L., Multiresidue analysis of fungicides in soil by sonication-assisted extraction in small columns and gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 976, 319-327, 2002. 

Soil. The analysis of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides in soil is commonly based on extraction with liquids or supercritical fluids. The samples are then concentrated, derivatized if necessary, and transferred into the detection system. Often, GC/MS methods are the first step, although... 

Method 1613 of US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was used for the PCDD detection in the objects of environment (water, soil etc.). PCDD detection was done with the help of Polaris Q gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometer on mass-spectrum of electronic impact in the MS-MS mode. Division of isomer PCDD was carried out on a capillary column from the sintered quartz DB-5 MS (60 m x 0,25 mm, thickness of tape 0,25 p.m). The same device was used for detection of fungicides formulations active ingredients in soil. 

Regarding soils, a central issue is the persistence and movement of pesticides that are widely used in agriculture. Many different insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and molluscicides are applied to agricultural soils, and there is concern not only about effects that they may have on nontarget species residing in soil, but also on the possibility of the chemicals finding their way into adjacent water courses. 

Helling CS, Dennison DG, Kaufman DD. 1974. Fungicide movement in soils. Phytopathology 64 1091-1 100. 

Nash RG. 1974. Plant uptake of insecticides, fungicides and fumigants from soils. In Guenzi WD, et al. eds. Pesticides in soil and water. Madison, Wl Soil Science of America Inc. Publishers, 257-313. 

Bean, cultivar Pinto Ozone Carboxin (2.3 ppm in soil) Fungicide 95 407... 

CASRN 36734-19-7 molecular formula C13H13CI2N3O3 FW 330.17 Soil. Readily degrades in soil (half-life 20-160 d) releasing carbon dioxide and dichloroaniline (Hartley and Kidd, 1987 Walker, 1987). The rate of degradation increases with repeated applications of this fungicide. In a clay loam, the half-life was 1 wk. After the second and third applications, the half-lives were 5 and 2 d, respectively (Walker et al., 1986). 

Singh, N. Sorption behavior of triazole fungicides in Indian soils and its correlation with soil properties. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50(22) 6434-6439, 2002. 

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