Fuel selection, considering factors

The CLC technology can be successfully operated if the OCs are selected and designed properly to achieve high performance for the fuel conversion. Several factors have to be considered in order to achieve the desirable process ... 

The desired pyrotechnic effect must be carefully considered when a fuel is selected to pair with an oxidizer for a high-energy mixture. Both the flame temperature that will be produced and the nature of the reaction products are important factors. The requirements for some of flte major pyrotechnic categories... 

The boiler itself should be very efficient to generate steam and for this preparation of oil, air to fuel ratio, stack temperature of flue gases, conversion of furnace oil to LSHS oil, maximum condensate recovery, cleaning of the fire side, replacement of old boilers etc. are the various important factors to be taken care-of. Factors responsible for optimum consumption of steam such as supply of steam at correct pressure, provision of pressure reducing valves, water separators in steam lines for supply of dry steams at requisite pressure, selection of trap of right type and size for efficient recovery of condensate etc. should be considered for the saving of thermal energy. 

One remarkable aspect is that, frequently, a variety of products result from electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell, so that selectivity for a given product is another factor to be considered in cell design. For instance, SOFC cells using bismuth... 

During the selection and application of materials used for construction of a nuclear facility, many different material properties and factors must be considered depending upon the requirements for each specific application. Generally, these consist of both non-fuel reactor materials, used for structural and component construction, and fuel materials. This chapter discusses some of the considerations used in the selection process for plant materials including material properties, fuel, fuel cladding, reflector material, control materials, and shielding materials. 

A number of factors are considered when selecting a new reducing agent (i) the new compounds equilibrium potential of its anodic oxidation reaction will influence the EMF and open circuit voltage (OCV) of the fuel cell (ii) the relative rate of this reaction, which will influence the polarization of the electrode and, thus, the working voltage (iii) the price and availability of the substance (iv) the ecological cleanliness and harmlessness of the reactant itself and of its direct and potential secondary oxidation products. 

Although the resistance of coal to abrasion may have little apparent commercial significance, the abrasiveness of coal is, on the other hand, a factor of considerable importance. Thus, the wear of grinding elements due to the abrasive action of coal results in maintenance charges that constitute one of the major items in the cost of grinding coal for use as pulverized fuel. Moreover, as coals vary widely in abrasiveness, this factor must be considered when coals are selected for pulverized fuel plants. A standardized, simple laboratory method of evaluating the abrasiveness of coal would assist, like the standard grindability test now available, in the selection of coals suitable for use in pulverized form. 

Selection of the proper raw materials is not only vital to reduce the production cost of PHA but is also necessary to prevent any further negative ecological impact of the whole process. The location of the PHA production plant and the amount of abundantly available resources are among the crucial factors to be considered in order to minimise the fuel requirements and carbon dioxide emissions by reducing the distance for transporting the raw materials [51]. There is no clear-cut answer to the choice of carbon source. However,... 

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