Fuels conversions

J. A. Hamshar, H. D. Terzian, and L. J. Scotti, "Clean Fuels From Coal by the COED Process," paper presented at EPA Symposium on Environmental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology, St. Louis, Mo., May 1974. 

C. D. Kalfadehs and E. M. Magee, Evaluation of Pollution Control in Fossil Fuel Conversion Processes, Eiquefaction, Section 1, COED Process, EPA-650/2-74-009e, Environmental Protection Agency, Washiagton, D.C., 1975. 

M. A. DeLuchi, E. D. Laison, and R. H. WiUiams, Hjdrogen andMethanol Production and Use in Fuel Cell andintemal Combustion Engine Vehicles—-A preliminary Assessment, Vol. 12, Solid Fuel Conversion for the Transportation Sector, ASME, Fuels and Combustion Technologies Division, New York, 1991, pp. 55-70. 

Mobil Oil Corporation has developed a process on a pilot scale that can successfully convert methanol into 96 octane gasoline. Although methanol can be used directiy as a transportation fuel, conversion to gasoline would eliminate the need to modify engines and would also eliminate some of the problems encountered using gasoline—methanol blends (see Alcohol fuels Gasoline and other motor fuels). 

J. R. Katzer and B. C. Gates, "Catalytic Processing in Fossil Fuel Conversion," AIChE Today Series, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1975. 

S 111 fi 1 r-reco ve ry p lants Carbon-black plants (furnace process) Primary lead smelters Fuel-conversion plants Sintering plants Secondary metal-production plants Chemical-process plants ... 

Note All fuel conversions according to the UN rates all primary electricity expressed in terms of its thermal equivalent. 

Typical re-entrant piston-bowl design for a small, high-speed direct-injection Cl engine. (From Kook, S., Bae, C., Miles, P.C., Choi, D., Bergin, M., and Reitz, R.D., The Effect of Swirl Ratio and Fuel Injection Parameters on CO emission and Fuel Conversion Efficiency for High-Dilution, Low-Temperature Combustion in an Automotive Diesel Engine, SAE, 2006-01-019 2006. With permission.)... 

Avchi, A., Onsan, I., and Trimm, Dv On-board fuel conversion for hydrogen fuel cells Comparison of different fuels by computer simulations, Appl. Catal. A General, 216, 243, 2001. 

Jansen, D., W. Haije, M. Carbo, V. Feuillade, J.W. Dijkstra, and R. Brink, Advanced membrane reactors for carbon-free fossil fuel conversion, ECN GCEP Project Presentation, GCEP Energy Research Symposium, Stanford, September 2006. 

Capturing the C02 from fossil-fuel conversion processes. The costs for capturing C02 result from (1) higher investments for the system with C02 capture compared to a system without, (2) the lower efficiency of the process as a result of the operation of the capture plant (e.g., from the additional energy demand for solvent recovery, C02 compression, etc.) and (3) the operational cost for the capture process (e.g., for absorbent replacement). 

D.L. Trimm and Z. I. Onsan, Onboard fuel conversion for hydrogen-fuel-cell-driven vehicles,... 

Raw Fuel Conversion - Converting a hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen-rich gas reformate. 

Fuel Processing Technology Descriptions Fuel Conversion Description... 

Advantages of POX that make this type fuel conversion suitable for transportation power are ... 

When the function of a fuel processor is to convert a fuel to hydrogen, the fuel conversion efficiency is... 

Nuvera defines fuel conversion efficiency as thermal value of H2 produced/thermal value of fuel fed to processor. 

The mass flow of the conversion gas, its molecular composition, temperature and stoichiometry, are a complex function of volume flux of primary air, primary air temperature, type of solid fuel, conversion concept, etc. Several workers have tried to mathematically model these relationships, which are commonly referred to as bed models [12,33,14,51,52]. It is an extremely difficult task to obtain a predictive bed model, which is discussed in the introduction of this ew. The review of the thermochemical conversion processes below will outline the complex relationships between these variables and their effect on the conversion gas in sections B 4.4-B 4.6. 

---