Fuel oil, use

Partial oxidation of natural gas or a fuel oil using oxygen may be used to form acetylene, ethylene (qv) and propylene (qv). The ethylene in turn may be partially oxidi2ed to form ethylene oxide (qv) via advantages (/) and (5). A few of the other chemicals produced using oxygen because of advantages (/) and (5) are vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, perchloroethylene, acetaldehyde (qv), formaldehyde (qv), phthaHc anhydride, phenol (qv), alcohols, nitric acid (qv), and acryhc acid. 

By the end ofWorld War II the use of residual fuel oil in the United States had reached about 1.2 million barrels per day. The bulk of this use was in industri-al/commercial boilers, railroad locomotives, and steamships. Shortly thereafter, railroad use declined rapidly as diesel engines, which used distillate fuel, replaced steam locomotives. In the 19.30s and 1960s residual fuel oil use for marine and industrial applications, as well as for electric power generation, con-... 

Derived from spray data for residual fuel oils using lightscattering technique ... 

CA 69, 4112k (1968) [Continuous mixing of AN-liquid hydrocarbon (such as fuel oil), using a spiral screw conveyor is described]... 

Heating Oils—A trade term for the group of distillate fuel oils used in healing liom.es and buildings as distinguished from residual fuel oils used in heating and power installations. Both are burned-fuel oils. 

The determination of low levels of nickel and vanadium in fuel oils using electrothermal atomisation... 

If the fuel oil uses as the feedstock is low in sulphur, i.e. LSWR, then the pyrolysis fuel oil produced will also be low in sulphur and this makes the product attractive for the production of carbon black. 

What can be expected the next 5-10 years Fuel oil will continue to decrease in all regions, but only to a minor degree in North America, where fuel oil use is already quite low. In Western Europe and Japan the decrease will also be less than experienced during the last 10 years, because fuel oil has now reached a price level equal to coal, taking away incentive for power stations to shift from oil to coal. For the LD Countries a considerable decrease is expected to meet the increasing demand for transportation fuels. 

Samples collected neeur municipal-industrial activities at Fort Myers exhibited petroleum contamination representative of heavy residual fuel oil used for electric power plant generators. 

Metals in fuel oil can seriously affect the use and outcome of fuel oil systems. Even trace amounts of metals can be deleterious to fuel oil use. Flence, it is important to have test methods that can determine metals, both at trace levels and at major concentrations. Metallic constituents in fuel oil can be determined by several methods including atomic absorption... 

The presence of sodium and vanadium complexes in the fuel oil ash can, under certain plant operating conditions, result in considerable harm to the equipment. Spalling and fluxing of refractory linings is associated with the presence of sodium in the fuel. Above a certain threshold temperature, which will vary from fuel to fuel, the oil ash will adhere to boiler superheater tubes and gas turbine blades, thus reducing the thermal efficiency of the plant. At higher temperatures, molten complexes of vanadium, sodium, and sulfur are produced that will corrode all currently available metals used in the construction of these parts of the plant. TTie presence of trace amounts (ASTM D-1318) of vanadium (ASTM D-1548, IP 285, IP 286) in fuel oil used in glass manufacture can affect the indicator of the finished product. 

Gas oil or fuel oil used for firing the boilers of central heating systems. 

MAJOR USES used in the manufacture of triethylenemelamine, taurine, and fuel oil used in the manufacturing of adhesives, binders, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, insect repellants, and ion exchange resins. 

ANFO is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil, used as a blasting agent. 

Water washing and centrifuging of fuel oil used in marine boilers have been found to reduce the sodium concentration by about 75%-80%, with consequent reduction in superheated deposition. It seems possible that water-washing techniques could be developed to offer a partial solution to the corrosion problem (Ostberg 1996). 

Collectors Insoluble in water, oily hydrocarbons, kerosene, fuel oil Used in so-called emulsion flotation of coal, in which collector droplets must attach to coal particles... 

Rg. 7.7. Percent excess oxygen needed to maintain a required hot mix temperature when burning natural gas or distillate fuel oil using nonpreheated air. 

Older heaters with poor burner conditions could have 02% higher than 5%. This is because many older heaters are not designed for low O2 operations. The burner flame will be very poor. High excess air is required for these operations. For fuel oil used as fuel, black smoke is visible from the stack under incomplete combustion. For fuel gas and natural gas, smoke is not visible from the stack, but incomplete combustion can be measured by CO concentration in the flue gas. 

Recognizing the necessity for low-sulfur fuel oils used in connection with heat treatment, nonferrous metal, glass, and ceramic furnaces and other special uses, a sulfur requirement may be specified in accordance with the following table ... 

An adhering deposit may be made more freely running and removed more easily if ammonia is introduced into a fuel-oil boiler [462]. Particularly serious complications arise in the burning of fuel oil in gas turbines, when the ash sticks to the vanes of the turbine. By adding substances containing silicon, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc compounds to the heavy fuel oils used for this purpose, the melting point of the ash is considerably raised and its tackiness is thereby reduced. It is also recommended in [463] that up to 0.15% kaolin powder should be added to the fuel oil this ensures the formation of loose, easily removed deposits and reduces the adhesion of particles to the turbine vanes by a factor of several times. 

Kerosene Dodecane (Kerosene) C12H25 commonly used mineral fuel oil used as aviation fuel and central heating consisting of many hydrocarbons containing molecules with about 10 to 16 carbon atoms. 

Table 31 gives the calculated values of the yields of each of the reaction products in the round process with recycling, as a percentage of the fuel oil used (go). 

D7806 FAME content of a blend of biodiesel and petroleum-based diesel Fuel oil using mid-IR EN 14112 Oxidation stability... 

---