Fruit splitting

Turysheva, N.A., Pelipenko, T.V. and Kaneeva, E.F. (1989) Qualitative changes in the essential oil when coriander fruits split. Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Pishchevaya Tekhnologiya 2, 123-124. 

Briefly describe the sexual reproductive stmctures, including relevant morphological characteristics of fmits (or cones) and seeds, and note any inherent means of dispersal e.g. shattering, fruit splitting, ballistic). Note the quantity of seeds produced by a plant e.g. seeds per fruit and number of fruits). Provide information on the means and range of dispersal e.g. by gravity, wind, water, on and/or in animals), and if there are several means indicate their relative importance. Cover apomixis below, in Subsection 2.2.5. 

In the parathion studies and the more recent DDT studies, the fruits were split in half by cutting axially one third through the fruit with a broad-bladed knife and then twisting the blade to one side. The core and pulp, exclusive of the part touched by the knife blade, were carefully scraped out with sharpened melon bailers. 

From June 2005 to January 2006 feral pigs were caught regularly in cage-traps, baited with split coconuts or other available fruit (for details see Heise-Pavlov et al. 2005). Caught animals were killed by a head-shot according to the guidelines Model Code of Practice for the Welfare of Animals (SCA Technical Report SeriesNo. 34 1996). 

Red Caseade (pictured) forms a small tree or large shrub, with spreading branehes eovered with fuehsia-pink fruits that split to reveal orange inside. 

In winter, the seed eapsules of this evergreen perennial split to reveal bright orange fruits. The eommon name refers only to the unpleasant smell of the leaves when erushed. 

Cherries are susceptible to splitting if they take up too much water, too fast. Harvest ripe fruit immediately after a heavy rain. 

Symptoms Attacks young growth. Purple spots are found on canes, leaves, blossoms, and stalks. Leaves may drop, bark can split, and small cankers form. Fruit yield is reduced. Severe infection will cause distortion and death. 

Symptoms Fruits, heads, roots, and stems split lengthways. This can allow organisms that cause dieback or rot to enter. Apple fruits may become hollow. 

The Problem You have a buy-one-get-one-free coupon from a local restaurant. The coupon is good for the cheaper of the two lunches. The amount of that meal is deducted after the tax is added. You and a friend go to lunch. You have the 6.95 chef salad, and she has the 6.50 fruit plate (you re both eating so healthy). The tax comes to 1.08, and you want to leave a tip of 2.80. You re going to split the total cost of the lunch equally, so what will lunch cost you ... 

Before turning to the problem of calculating the spin Hamiltonian, we should consider how the results can be interpreted with respect to the bonding. From the spin Hamiltonian parameters, we shall obtain the values for Cji of the antibonding orbitals, and we need to know what relation these have to the Cj, of the bonding states. One approach to this problem, which seems fruitful, is the gross-population analysis developed by Mulliken (26). Consider first our three-electron example. In this case we split up the term... 

Another sugar called glucose (CeH, Os) is found in ripe fruits, often in the company of still another sugar of the same formula called fructose (C6H, 06). These two sugars can be made in the laboratory by treating the more complicated sucrose with an acid. The sucrose picks up water and splits into glucose and fructose by a process known as inversion ... 

Fruit indehiscent but usually splitting to form four nutlets around the often gynobasic style, rarely fleshy carpels one to two seeded. 

The widest diversity in the manner of seed dispersal is exhibited by the dry fruits. These include the windborne types such as dandelion parachutes or sycamore keys . Mechanical scattering is exhibited by many of the legumes, whose seed pods, when fully ripened and dried out, can split with explosive force to scatter their contents in readiness for a follow-on crop. Another type is made up of those fruits, such as cleavers or dock-buns , that possess small hooks whereby the fruit is caught up in the fur of animals for transportation. 

There are many applications where the organic compounds are extracted from natural materials. Extraction is used for preparation of pure flavor essences from expressed oils of various citrus fruit. Pyrethrum is recovered from pyrethrum flowers by solvent extraction. A continuous saponification, glycol extraction, and splitting process for converting fat into finished soap base has been used in soap production. 

One of these methods is the split-mix procedure, originally called portioning-mixing method, invented by Furka et al. [1-3]. This method was originally developed to enable the user to prepare millions of new peptides, but, later, was successfully used to synthesize organic libraries, too. The method is an embodiment of the combinatorial principle and the combinatorial thinking , which constitutes the theoretical background of the method and proved to be so fruitful in other areas, too. 

Turysheva et al. (1989) showed that the oil from material with a high proportion of split fruits was suitable for obtaining the perfumery fractions of (-i-)-linalool and (+)-linalyl acetate. 

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