Fruit and vegetables consumption

Thus, it is uncertain to what extent the apparent protective effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on risk of stomach cancer can be attributable to their phytoestrogen content. This appears not to have been studied directly, and other constituents such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), a-tocopherol (vitamin E) and /1-carotene may be potentially protective. 

Since fruit and vegetable consumption is recommended as part of a healthy lifestyle, it could be argued that there is no need to obtain detailed safety data on individual phytochemicals that are present in these items of the diet. This ignores the fact that ... 

Health benefits of carotenoids are related to their bioavailability and thus then-absorption. Plasma concentration is considered a good biomarker of fruit and vegetable consumption. Table 3.1.1 shows plasma carotenoid levels in EPIC study subjects from 16 European locations. EPIC was the first large cross-sectional study analyzing plasma carotenoid levels in several European populations. ... 

Law, M.R. and Morris, J.K., By how much does fruit and vegetable consumption reduce the risk of ischaemic heart disease response to commentary, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr, 53, 903, 1999. 

Dauchet, L. et al., Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of stroke a meta-analysis of cohort studies, Neurology, 65, 1193, 2005. 

Raman measurements of skin carotenoid levels could be used as an indirect, rapid optical method to assess fruit and vegetable consumption in large populations. 

The Contribution of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption to Human Health... 

Evidence indicates that for the effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on health, the whole may be more than the sum of the parts individual components appear to act synergistically where the influence of at least some of these is additive. 

Despite the alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity in the world, epidemiologic studies on the relation between fruit and vegetable consumption and weight gain... 

Several studies have suggested a positive association between fruit and vegetable intake (particularly fmit) and pulmonary function (Walda and others 2002 Watson and others 2002 Celik and Topcu 2006). Fruit and vegetable consumption has been suggested to maintain a healthy pulmonary function in well-adult populations, and improving lung... 

Blanck HM, Gillespie C, Kimmons JE, Seymour JD and Serdula MK. 2008. Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among US men and women, 1994—2005. Prev Chronic Dis 5(2) A35. 

Feskanich D, Ziegler RG, Michaud DS, Giovanucci EL, Speizer EE, Willett WC and Colditz GA. 2000. Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of lung cancer among men and women. Int J Natl Cancer Inst 92(22) 1812-1823. 

Gandini S, Merzeninch H, Robertson C and Boyle P. 2000. Meta analysis of studies on breast cancer risk and diet the role of fruit and vegetable consumption and the intake of associated micronutrients. Eur J Cancer 36 636-646. 

Hung HC, Merchant A, Willett W, Ascherio A, Rosner BA, RimmEand JoshipuraKJ. 2003. The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and peripheral arterial disease. Epidemiology 14(6) 659— 665. 

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