Frontal

Hood, P., 1976. Frontal solution program for unsymmetric matrices. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 10, 379-399. 

The most frequently used modifications of the basic Gaussian elimination method in finite element analysis are the LU decomposition and frontal solution techniques. 

SOLUTION ALGORITHMS GAUSSIAN ELIMINATION METHOD 205 6.4.2 Frontal solution technique... 

Frontal solution requires very intricate bookkeeping for tracking coefficients and making sure that all of the stiffness equations have been assembled and fully reduced. The process time requirement in frontal solvers is hence larger than a straightforward band solver for equal size problems. 

Another consequence of using this strategy is that, unlike band solver routines, global node numbering in frontal solvers may be done in a completely arbitrary manner. How ever, better computer economy is achieved if an element numbering which minimizes front width is used. In general, manipulation of... 

Irons, B, M., 1970. A frontal solution for finite element analysis, hit. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 2, 5-32,... 

Fritting From squalene Frontal Frontal chromatography Frontalin [28401-39-0] Froth Froth ers... 

Development of the Chromatogram. The term development describes the process of performing a chromatographic separation. There are several ways in which separation may be made to occur, eg, frontal, displacement, and elution chromatography. Frontal chromatography uses a large quantity of sample and is usually unsuited to analytical procedures. In displacement and elution chromatography, much smaller amounts of material are used. 

Fig. 2. Chromatograms of a mixture containing three components A, B, and C, where A is less sorbed than B, and B is less sorbed than C (a) frontal...

Both frontal and displacement chromatographies suffer a significant disadvantage in that once a column has been used, part of the sample remains on the column. The column must be regenerated before reuse. In elution chromatography all of the sample material is usually removed from the column... 

Experiments Sorption equihbria are measured using apparatuses and methods classified as volumetric, gravimetric, flow-through (frontal analysis), and chromatographic. Apparatuses are discussed by Yang (gen. refs.). Heats of adsorption can be determined from isotherms measured at different temperatures or measured independently by calorimetric methods. 

Modes of Operation The classical modes of operation of chromatography as enunciated by Tisehus [Kolloid Z., 105, 101 (1943)] are elution chromatography, frontal analysis, and displacement development. Basic features of these techniques are illustrated in Fig. 

Group Efficiency Air-flow capacity, ftV(min-ft of frontal area) Resistance, in water Dust-holding capacity, g/(1000 fP-min of air-flow capacity)... 

Radial-Inflow Turbine The radial-inflow turbine, or inward-flow radial turbine, has been in use for many years. Basically a centrifugal compressor with reversed-flow and opposite rotation, the inward-flow radial turbine is used for smaller loads and over a smaller operational range than the axial turbine. Radial-inflow turbines are only now beginning to be used because little was know about them heretofore. Axial turbines have enjoyed tremendous interest due to their low frontal area, making them suited to the aircraft industiy. However, the axial machine is much longer than the radial machine, making it unsuited for certain vehicular and helicopter applications. Radial turbines are used in turbochargers and in some types of expanders. 

Because at higher latitudes the coriolis force deflects wind to a greater extent than in the tropics, winds become much more zonal (flow parallel to lines of latitude). Also in contrast to the persistent circulation of the tropics, the mid-latitude circulations are quite transient. There are large temperature contrasts, and temperature may vary abruptly over relatively short distances (frontal zones). In these regions of large temperature contrast, potential energy is frequently released and converted into kinetic energy as wind. Near the surface there are many closed pressure sys-... 

Korshover (3) studied stagnating anticyclones in the eastern United States over two periods totaling 30 years. He found that for stagnation to occur for 4 days or longer, the high-pressure system had to have a warm core. Korshover s criteria included a wind speed of 15 knots or less, no frontal... 

The large frontal areas of these units reduce the inlet velocities, thus reducing air noise. The pressure rise in each compressor stage is reduced, creating a large, stable operating zone. 

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