Frontal synthesis

It has recently been shown that oxidative damage to glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (GDH), an important glycolytic enzyme, occurs in the frontal cortex in PD patients (Gomez and Ferrer, 2009). Not only would this limit ATP synthesis and generation of many necessary metabolic... 

A recent positron emission tomography (PET) study in which the radiolabeled serotonin precursor alpha C methyl tryptophan was used provides empirical evidence of decreased 5-HT synthesis in frontal and thalamic regions and increased 5-HT synthesis in contralateral cerebellar dentate regions (Chugani et al., 1997). These findings are consistent with findings of increased 5-HTm inhibitory autoreceptor sensitivity in adult autistic patients (Hollander et al., 2000 Novotny et al., 2000), since these receptors are prevalent in frontal and thalamic, but not cerebellar, regions. 

Golden RN, Morris JE, Sack DA Combined lithium-tricyclic treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 23 181-185, 1988 Goldenberg G, Lang W, Podreka 1, et al Are cognitive deficits in Parkinson s disease caused by frontal lobe dysfunction Journal of Psychophysiology 4 137-144, 1990 Goldgaber D, Harris HW, Hla T Interleukin-1 regulates synthesis of amyloid beta-protein precursor mRNA in human endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86 7606-7610, 1989... 

Rapin et al. [11] have reported an increase of the acetylcholine synthesis rate constant evaluated by a bolus injection of [3H]choline in the hippocampus of 4-month-old rats after acute administration of EGb (100 mg/kg Lp.). Similar results were obtained in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and corpus striatum after chronic treatment with EGb (100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 21 days). On the other hand, the acetylcholine turnover rate was not modified by either acute or chronic administration of EGb. These results indicate that EGb might increase acetylcholine release. 

Viewed from the perspectives of configuration space provided by the caricature in Fig. 2, the most direct approach to the phase-coexistence problem calls for a full frontal assault on the ergodic barrier that separates the two phases. The extended sampling strategies discussed in Section III.C make that possible. The framework we need is a synthesis of Eqs. (10) and (32). We will refer to it generically as Extended Sampling Interface Traverse (ESIT). 

When comparing the intrinsic methanol synthesis activity of both catalysts (turnover frequency [TOF] per surface Cu site measured with N20-reactive frontal chromatography) at the space velocity of 20 mmol/gcatmin, the HT catalyst (0.54 min-1) appears twice as active as the MA catalyst (0.24 min-1). Although both catalysts are exposed to nearly the same reactant concentration, the MA catalyst operates at 11% CO2... 

Experimentally, the macrocyclic trichothecenes satra-toxin G, isosatratoxin F, and roridin A have been shown to cause nasal and pulmonary toxicity when administered intranasally or intratracheally to mice. Intranasal exposure of satratoxin G and roridin A induced apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons resulting in atrophy of the olfactory epithelium and olfactory nerve layer of the olfactory bulb in the frontal brain (Islam et al, 2006, 2007). Alveolar-type II cells and alveolar macrophages were injured following intratracheal instillation of isosatratoxin F or Stachybotrys spores with marked changes in surfactant synthesis and secretion (Rand et al, 2002). 

Patients with autism have decreased serotonin, dopamine, nicotine, and other neurotransmitters in certain regions of the brain, but no single abnormality. Chugani (2004) examined the evidence for anomalous development of the serotonin system in the brain of children with autism. Serotonin levels in the blood are often elevated in children with autism. Serotonin synthesis is decreased in the frontal region and thalamus on one side of the brain and increased in the dentate nucleus of the opposite cerebellum. 

PET studies have decreased serotonin synthesis in the left frontal cortex and the left thalamus and increased serotonin synthesis in the dentate nucleus of the right cerebellum. 

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