Force Coriolis

In an E vibrational state there is some splitting of rotational levels, compared with those of Figure 5.6(a), due to Coriolis forces, rather than that found in a If vibrational state, but the main difference in an E — band from an — A band is due to the selection rules... 

Although, as in linear and symmetric rotor molecules, the term values are slightly modified by Coriolis forces in a degenerate (T2) state, the rotational selection rules... 

Fig. 17-10. Effect of the coriolis force. The path of air moving from the north pole to the south as viewed from space is straight as viewed from the earth s surface it is curved.

When the isobars are essentially straight, the balance between the pressure gradient force and the coriolis force results in a geostrophic wind parallel to the isobars. 

Because at higher latitudes the coriolis force deflects wind to a greater extent than in the tropics, winds become much more zonal (flow parallel to lines of latitude). Also in contrast to the persistent circulation of the tropics, the mid-latitude circulations are quite transient. There are large temperature contrasts, and temperature may vary abruptly over relatively short distances (frontal zones). In these regions of large temperature contrast, potential energy is frequently released and converted into kinetic energy as wind. Near the surface there are many closed pressure sys-... 

Rotating unbalance residual, or bent shaft. Coriolis forces... 

Body forces gravity force, centrifugal force, Coriolis force electromagnetic force. 

Horizontal motion of the atmosphere, or wind, is a response of the air to the forces that are present. These include the force due to the pressure gradient, the Coriolis force associated with the rotation of the Earth, and frictional forces acting to retard any motion. If the acceleration of the air mass and frictional effects are small, the horizontal velocity is described by the following expression ... 

As a result of these factors (wind, Ekman transport, Coriolis force) the surface ocean circulation in the mid-latitudes is characterized by clockwise gyres in the northern hemisphere and the counterclockwise gyres in the southern hemisphere. The main surface currents around these gyres for the world s oceans are shown in Fig. 10-6. The regions where Ekman transport tends to push water together are called convergences. Divergences result when surface waters are pushed apart. 

Fig. 10-5 Sketch of (a) current vectors with depth characteristic of an Eckman spiral (b) relationship between wind, surface current, and net water movement vectors and (c) production of circular gyres from the net interaction of the Coriolis force and Eckman transport.

After ignition at any point in a rotating vessel, the flames driven by centrifugal and Coriolis forces... 

The first pseudo force, Fi, is called the Coriolis force, and its magnitude is directly proportional to the angular velocity of the rotating frame of reference and the linear velocity of the particle in this frame. By definition, this force is perpendicular to the plane where vectors Vi and o are located, Fig. 2.3a, and depends on the mutual position of these vectors. The second fictitious force, F2, is called the centrifugal force. Its magnitude is directly proportional to the square of the angular velocity and the distance from the particle to the center of rotation. It is directed outward from the center and this explains the name of the force. It is obvious that with an increase of the angular velocity the relative contribution of this force... 

It is clear that in the case of a particle, moving in the frame P, the term corresponding to Coriolis force appears and the equation of motion becomes... 

After these measures have been taken, the remaining dominant sources of error are in the optical system and electronics, and the effects of Coriolis force, each... 

As was pointed out earlier, when we have considered the physical principles of the ballistic gravimeter and the pendulum an influence of the Coriolis force was ignored. Now we will try to take into account this factor and consider the motion of a particle near the earth s surface. With this purpose in mind let us choose a non-inertial frame of reference, shown in Fig. 3.5a its origin 0 is located near the earth s surface and it rotates together with the earth with angular velocity a>. The unit vectors i, j, and k of this system are fixed relative to the earth and directed as follows i is horizontal, that is, tangential to the earth s surface and points south, j is also horizontal and points east, k is vertical and points upward. As is shown in Fig. 3.5a SN is the earth s axis, drawn from south to north, I is the unit vector along OiO, and K is a unit vector parallel to SN. 

The Hamiltonian is insensitive to the direction of time, 7i(T) = T L(T ), since it is a quadratic function of the molecular velocities. (Since external Lorentz or Coriolis forces arise from currents or velocities, they automatically reverse direction under time reversal.) Hence both T and I1 have equal weight. From this it is easily shown that. (xl/s) = (exlL). 

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