Freight

For a given current (determined by the amount of film being proeessed), the eoneentration of silver for unit A will be only half the concentration to reach the same current in unit B. Therefore, the silver freight with imit A will be 75% lower than for unit B. 

Figure 2 Silver content and inst taneous silver freight upon processing of 1of D7 film...

It is clear that the freight value depends on the type and amount of film and how the production is spread over time. Figure 3 shows 2 simulations of silver concentration in fixer for different processing regimes. In one case, 10 m of film is processed over 3 hours. In another case, 10 m of film is processed over 16 hours. It is clear that the silver level in the fixer not only depends on the amount of film processed, but also on the distribution of the working load. The simulated daily freight values are 44 and 16 mgW respectively. ... 

It is clear that, apart from the production regime, other factors may influence the freight values obtained (film type, regeneration quotes, electrolysis unit,. ..). In case of G335SF in combination with STRUCTURIX SILVERFIX, which has a maximum current of 3A and a typical response of 4 A.l/g, I5m of film per day is judged to be the maximum production to meet silver freights below 50 mg/m. ... 

Capital and operating costs for soda ash production are extremely site specific (29,10). Key factors iaclude iafrastmcture development, freight to consumers, local energy and labor costs, and by-product saleabiUty. 1990 Hst price of bulk natural soda ash was 108/t, F.O.B. Wyoming. 

Acetate and triacetate polymers are white amorphous soHds produced in granular, flake, powder, or fibrous form. They are used as raw materials in the preparation of fibers, films, and plastics. Polymer density varies and ranges from 100 kg/m for the fibrous form to 500 kg/m for granules. Acetate polymer is shipped by trailer tmck, railroad freight car, or multiwaH bags. 

U.S. formaldehyde prices for 1966—1989 are shown in Table 4 (115). Since the cost of methanol represents over 60% of formaldehyde s production costs, the formaldehyde price normally reflects the methanol price. Also, freight is a significant cost for formaldehyde since 1—3 kg of water maybe shipped with every kg of formaldehyde. The significant price increase in the early 1970s was due to the sudden rise in hydrocarbon prices caused by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies (OPEC) cartel increasing oil prices. 

High water-content fluids are used in some hydrauhc systems where work-stroke speeds are very low, eg, large freight elevators and large forging and extmsion presses. Pressures in these systems may be from 13.8—20.7 MPa (2000—3000 psi). Vertical in-line pumps with packed plungers and special axial—piston pumps are used with these fluids. 

Iodine is packed in double polyethylene-lined fiber dmms containing 10, 25, and 50 kg. There is no specific freight classification. 

The designs and varieties of boxes that can be constmcted and used in chemical packaging are many. This flexibiUty in design is possible because boxes are manufactured with minimal tooling expense under specifications that are unique to each order, but which are subject to various material specifications for meeting freight and shipping requirements. 

Eniform Freight Classification 6000 Uniform Classification Committee, Chicago, HI., revised annually. 

National Motor Freight Classfication 100-S National Classification Board, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

Pipelines to transport soHds are called freight pipelines, of which three different types exist pneumatic pipelines, the use of which is known as pneumotransport or pneumatic conveying slurry pipelines, which may also be called hydrotransport or hydrauHc conveying and capsule pipelines. When air or inert gas is used to move the soHds in the pipeline, the system is called a pneumatic pipeline and often involves a wheeled vehicle inside the pipeline, propelled by air moving through the pipe (25). Slurry pipelines involve the transport of soHd particles suspended in water or another inert Hquid. HydrauHc capsule pipelines transport soHd material within cylindrical containers, using water flow through the pipeline for propulsion. 

Average price, freight on board (fob) mine, based on sales. Excluding soluble and chemical muriates. 

Price basis, 1960—1970 bulk, cadots, works, freight equalized 1980—1984 bags, cadots, works, freight equalized, as 17% AI2O2. Prices basis, 1970 dry basis 1975—1984 tanks, Northeast, works, freight equalized, as 17% Al O. ... 

Marine transportation is done by ship or barge in permanent containers on board or by ISO containers. Propylene oxide can be shipped by air freight, but specific regulations for domestic and international transport must be foHowed. No shipment of propylene oxide can be made on passenger ships or airlines (3,233). 

Dangerous When Wet Shipping Class 4.3 (lATA) Forbidden Passenger Cargo 15-kg Maximum Air Freight Corrosive SoUd Shipping Class 8 (lATA)... 

Shipping and Storage. MSA is shipped in tank tmcks and in plastic 55-gaHon dmms or smaller containers with polyethylene inserts. The freight classification is Alkyl Sulfonic Acid, Liquid 8 Corrosive Material, UN 2586, Chemical NOIBN. 

The cost and price of sulfuric acid depend in large part on raw material cost and on freight costs. In many areas, the deUvered cost of sulfur is the most important factor affecting sulfuric acid pricing. By-product raw material, ie, SO2, costs at smelters are essentially zero, but the remote locations of many smelters make freight costs significant. Nevertheless, the nondiscretionary nature of smelter acid means that it must be sold if the smelter is to operate. 

As in the case of highways, considerable contention results from public maintenance of the inland waterways for recreation, flood control, and other purposes, as well as for the transportation of barges and other freight-carrying vessels. Because barge transportation of chemicals is considered essential to economical distribution, governmental toUs assessed for such maintenance ate of critical interest to the chemicals industry. 

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