Annual broadleaf weed control

EPTC was repositioned in the marketplace as an annual grass herbicide in 1985, a rotational statement was added to prevent the repeated annual use of EPTC, and shattercane control claims were removed from the label. EPTC was targeted specifically for foxtail (Setaria spp.) and annual broadleaf weed control in the north where cool and wet soils prevail in the spring. EPTC has been a very successful product, provided excellent weed control, and increased in market share every year since its reintroduction as an annual grass and broadleaf herbicide. The other commercial carbamothioate herbicides, EPTC + dietholate and butylate, were positioned as difficult to control weed and southern corn belt herbicides, respectively. No rotational statements have been added to the EPTC + dietholate and butylate labels. 

Annual Broadleaf Weed Control in No-Till Systems... 

Pickett et al. (1992) reported that California citrus growers depend on herbicides for weed control. Simazine was rated as the most important herbicide used in citrus production. Abdel-Rehman et al (1994) reported that control of annual broadleaf weeds was most effective with simazine plus fluazifop and least effective with fhiazifop alone. Application of diuron or atrazine once at 1-4kg a.i./ha or twice at 1 + 1, 1 + 2 or 2 + 2kg a.i./ha, significantly reduced grasses and broadleaf weeds. Broadleaf weeds were controlled by 2-4kg a.i./ha of diuron and 2 + 2kg a.i./ ha of simazine at the 60-day sampling period (Singh et al, 1987). Perez (1976) reported that fluometuron, diuron, monuron, and simazine, all at 4.8kg a.i./ha, and bromacil at 4kg a.i./ha controlled weeds without injury to citrus on latosols, while simazine and diuron at 4.8 kg a.i./ha or bromacil at 4kg a.i./ha caused no injury to grapefruit after two applications on sandy soil. 

Simazine has been widely used in raspberry, boysenberry, and blueberry production (Welker and Brogdon, 1968). When used alone, broadleaf weed control has been excellent, but annual grasses and perennial weeds were not controlled in blueberry (Hertz and Wildung, 1978). Spring-planted raspberry crops do not tolerate weed competition well (Lawson and Wiseman, 1976). Simazine and diuron have been used extensively in many states in new or established cane-planted raspberry. 

The triazine herbicides currently used are mostly 4,6-alkylarmno-v-triazine compounds with either a 2-chloro, 2-methylthio, or 2-methoxy substituent (Table 23.1). The /V-alkyl groups may be methyl, ethyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl), 1,1-dimethylethyl (tertiary-butyl), 1,2-dimethylpropyl, or 2-methylpropanenitrile. Absorbed by roots or leaves of plants, these herbicides are applied either preemergence or postemergence to control annual broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in a wide variety of crops. The triazine herbicides listed in Table 23.1 have the same mechanism of action in plants, as all are photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors. 

Uses pre-emergence, early post-emergence or soil-incorporated herbicide to control most annual grasses and many annual broadleaf weeds in beans, corn, cotton, milo, peanuts, peas, soybeans, sunflower, and certain woody ornamentals. 

Uses herbicide for post-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds and it is often used in combination with other herbicides to extend the spectrum of control. 

Uses herbicide for pre-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in cotton, beans, barley, rice, soybeans, alliums, vines, ornamentals and orchards of fruit and nut trees also to control suckers on tobacco. 

Uses pre-emergence or pre-plant herbicide used in many vegetable and field crops to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses. 

Chemical Name l,l-dimethyl-3-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea N,N-dimethyl-N -[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea Uses herbicide to control many annual broadleaf weeds in sugar cane and cotton. 

Chemical Name 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-l-methoxy-l-methylurea Af,-(4-chlorophenyl)-Ar-methoxy-Ar-methylurea Uses herbicide for pre- or post-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in asparagus, berry fruit, cereals, maize, field beans, vines, leeks, onions, potatoes, herbs, lucerne, flowers, ornamental shrubs and trees, etc. 

Amitrole is a nonselective systemic triazole herbicide. It is used for control of annual grasses and perennial and annual broadleaf weeds, for poison ivy control, and for control of aquatic weeds in marshes and drainage ditches. This compound is compatible with many other herbicides. It is available as wettable powders, soluble concentrates, and water-dispersible granules. Amitrole was involved in the Delaney Clause s first enforcement.1213... 

Sodium chlorate was first used in France in 1923. It has been used chiefly as a soil sterilant for control of deep-rooted perennial weeds. Dinitrophenol was first utilized in France in 1933 for the control of annual broadleaf weeds in cereals. It has been extensively employed in cereals, legumes, and flax in the northern United States. 

Galaxy . [BASF AG] Bentazon, acifluorfen for postemergence control of annual broadleaf weeds in sobyeans and peanuts. 

Ciral is a combination of flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium (33.3%) and metsulfuron-methyl (16.7%) for the control of Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spica-venti, Poa annua and annual broadleaf weeds (except Galium aparine) such as Thlaspi arvense, Capsella hursa-pastoris, Galeopsis spp., Matricaria spp., Papaver rhoeas, Centaurea cyanus, Brassica napus, Viola arvensis, Lamium spp., Myosotis ar-... 

In sugar cane, isoxaflutole controls annual grasses and some key annual broadleaf weeds. It may be applied pre- or post-emergence but normally pre-emergence is the preferred option. The application rate of 140 g ha is still very low compared with other pre-emergence products [22, 23]. 

Storage Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area Uses Preemergence and preplant incorporated herbicide for control of most annual broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in milo and sweet sorghum... 

Chloroacetanilides are soil-applied herbicides used for pre- and early post-emergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in crops. Representative chloroacetanilide compounds, alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor, are extensively used worldwide. Other chloroacetanilides with limited usages include propachlor, bu-tachlor, metazachlor, pretilachlor, and thenylchlor. Public environmental concerns and government regulatory requirements continue to prompt the need for reliable methods to determine residues of these herbicides. There now exist a variety of analytical methods to determine residues of these compounds in crops, animal products, soil, and water. The chemical structures and major crops in which these compounds are used are summarized in Table 1. 

G-36393, methoprotryn Methoprotryn was introduced in the fall-sown small grain cereals, such as wheat and barley. Its application was always post-emergence in relation to both crop and weeds. In most cases it was combined with low rates of simazine in order to provide residual control of late germinating annual grasses. This combination made it possible for the first time to control broadleaf weeds and grasses with one application. 

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