Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy

Transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The most straightforward method for the acquisition of in spectra of surface layers is standard transmission spectroscopy (35,36). This approach can only be used for samples which are partially in transparent or which can be diluted with an in transparent medium such as KBr and pressed into a transmissive pellet. The extent to which the in spectral region (typically ca 600 4000 cm ) is available for study depends on the in absorption characteristics of the soHd support material. Transmission ftir spectroscopy is most often used to study surface species on metal oxides. These soHds leave reasonably large spectral windows within which the spectral behavior of the surface species can be viewed. 

The 11 nm-sized Ti02 were crystallized using either hydrothermal or thermal methods from 100 nm, amorphous gel spheres. The Ti02 crystal and agglomerate sizes were determined by X-ray diffraction (Philip 1080) and transmission electron microscopy (JEOL JEM 2010), respectively. The surface area and chemistry of the nanostructured Ti02 were analyzed by nitrogen physisorption (Coulter SA 3100) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Perkin-Elmer GX 2000). Metal catalyst was deposited by incipient... 

Recently, we reported that an Fe supported zeolite (FeHY-1) shows high activity for acidic reactions such as toluene disproportionation and resid hydrocracking in the presence of H2S [1,2]. Investigations using electron spin resonance (ESR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), MiJssbauer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that superfine ferric oxide cluster interacts with the zeolite framework in the super-cage of Y-type zeolites [3,4]. Furthermore, we reported change in physicochemical properties and catalytic activities for toluene disproportionation during the sample preparation period[5]. It was revealed that the activation of the catalyst was closely related with interaction between the iron cluster and the zeolite framework. In this work, we will report the effect of preparation conditions on the physicochemical properties and activity for toluene disproportionation in the presence of 82. ... 

Overall perspectives of the results from ethene and the higher alkenes have been attempted in Sections VI.B.6 and VI.G. What has become clear, particularly in the context of hydrocarbon adsorption, is that the study of spectra on single-crystal surfaces is of great assistance in finding the correct interpretation of the more complex multispecies spectra obtained from finely divided metal catalysts. This has only become possible by the development of VEELS and RAIRS, the latter allied with the Fourier-transform methods that have also transformed the quality of the spectra from metal-particle catalysts obtained by transmission infrared spectroscopy. The use of RAIRS in turn has emphasized the general significance of the MSSR. 

Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT1R), either in the transmission mode(70), the grazing incidence reflection (GI) mode(7,5) or the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode(7,2), has been the most widely used experimental tool for the characterization and structure determination of SA monolayers. GI-IR is especially useful in determining the molecular orientation in the film structures because it senses only the vibrational component perpendicular to the substrate surface(7,5). Polarized ATR-IR can also be used to study molecular orientation(7,77). McKeigue and Gula-ri(72) have used ATR-IR to quantitatively study the adsorption of the surfactant Aerosol-OT. 

The experimental techniques used are optical and scanning electron microscopes, electron microprobe, potentiodynamic polarization, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy. 

In order to actually cover 19 decades in frequency, dielectric spectroscopy makes use of different measurement techniques each working at its optimum in a particular frequency range. The techniques most commonly applied include time-domain spectroscopy, frequency response analysis, coaxial reflection and transmission methods, and at the highest frequencies quasi-optical and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (cf. Fig. 2). A detailed review of these techniques can be found in Kremer and Schonhals [37] and in Lunkenheimer [45], so that in the present context only a few aspects will be summarized. 

Altered surfaces have been inferred from solution chemistry measurements (e.g., Chou and Wollast, 1984, 1985) and from spectroscopic measurements of altered surfaces, using such techniques as secondary ion mass spectrometry (for altered layers that are several tens of nm thick (e.g., Schweda et al, 1997), Auger electron spectroscopy (layers <10 nm thick (e.g., Hochella, 1988), XPS (layers <10 nm thick (e.g., Hochella, 1988 Muir et al, 1990), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, e.g., Casey et al, 1989b), Raman spectroscopy (e.g.. Gout et al, 1997), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (e.g., Hamilton et al, 2001), in situ high-resolution X-ray reflectivity (Farquhar et al, 1999b Fenter et al, 2003), nuclear magnetic resonance (Tsomaia et al, 2003), and other spectroscopies (e.g., Hellmann et al, 1997). 

For molecular properties of the TAG polymorphs, local molecular structural information such as methyl-end group, olefinic conformation, and chain-chain interaction are unveiled by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, especially Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) (23, 24). Compared with a pioneering work by Chapman (25), great progress has been achieved by using various FT-IR techniques, such as polarized transmission FT-IR, reflection absorption spectroscopy (RAS), and attenuated total reflection (ATR) (26-28). 

The samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), and Mossbauer spectroscopy. XRD analysis was carried out on a HZG-4A diffractometer by using Ni-filtered Co Ka radiation. IR-spectra were recorded on an AVATAR FTIR-330 spectrometer. TEM/ED examinations were performed with a LEO 906E and a JEOL 4000 EX transmission electron microscopes. The resonance spectra were recorded in air at 298 K and processed by using a commercial SM2201 MSssbauer spectrometer equipped with a 15 mCi Co (Rh) source. 

Naji, A., Ghanbaja, J., Humbert, B., Willmann, P., and Billaud, D. (1996). Electroreduction of graphite in LiC104-ethylene carbonate electrolyte. Characterization of the passivating layer by transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. J. Power Some., 63, 33—9. 

ATR-FT/IR attenuated transmission reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy DC direct current... 

Characterization of the catalysts was made using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Hitachi H-9000), X-ray diffraction (XRD), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 

The activity of a series of Pt/VK /SIO for the NO-CO reaction has been studied using in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. It was found that high loadings of WO3 promote the activity of Pt for this reaction. Catalyst characterization studies, conducted by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, CO chemisorption, and transmission electron microscopy, indicate that Pt was decorated by an overlayer of partially reduced W0X. The increased activity can be quantitatively related via a two site mechanism involving Pt sites and adlineation sites formed at the interface between the overlayers and Pt. 

Highly cubic ordered cobalt oxides have been successfully synthesized from KlT-6 by an accurately controlled incipient wetness approach. The adding volume of cobalt nitrate and absolute ethanol were determined by the pore volume of KIT-6, and the synthesis procedure is effective and economical. Furthermore, the obtained mesoporous cobalt oxides have better mesostructure comparing with those of former reports. The X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the as-synthesized mesoporous cohalt oxides. 

Due to the fundamental importance of the adsorbed protein film, many methods have been used to characterize its nature. These methods include ellipsometry (3,A), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (5,6), multiple attenuated internal reflection spectroscopy (MAIR) (7,8) immunological labeling techniques (9), radioisotope labeled binding studies (j ), calorimetric adsorption studies (jj ), circular dichroism spectroscopy (CDS) (12), electrophoresis (j ), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) (1 ), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (15,16,9), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (17-19). 

Analytical services include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning auger microanalysis, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (DSC, DTA, TGA, TMA) and Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 

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