Fourier transform infrared inductively coupled plasma-atomic

NMR) [24], and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy [25] are commonly applied methods. Analysis using mass spectrometric (MS) techniques has been achieved with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with chemical ionisation (Cl) often more informative than conventional electron impact (El) ionisation [26]. For the qualitative and quantitative characterisation of silicone polyether copolymers in particular, SEC, NMR, and FT-IR have also been demonstrated as useful and informative methods [22] and the application of high-temperature GC and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is also described [5]. 

Table 5.2 Summary of selected analytical methods for molecular environmental geochemistry. AAS Atomic absorption spectroscopy AFM Atomic force microscopy (also known as SFM) CT Computerized tomography EDS Energy dispersive spectrometry. EELS Electron energy loss spectroscopy EM Electron microscopy EPR Electron paramagnetic resonance (also known as ESR) ESR Electron spin resonance (also known as EPR) EXAFS Extended X-ray absorption fine structure FUR Fourier transform infrared FIR-TEM Fligh-resolution transmission electron microscopy ICP-AES Inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ICP-MS Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Reproduced by permission of American Geophysical Union. O Day PA (1999) Molecular environmental geochemistry. Rev Geophysics 37 249-274. Copyright 1999 American Geophysical Union...

XRD, X-ray diffraction XRF, X-ray fluorescence AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry ICP-MS, Inductively coupled plasma/mass spectroscopy IC, ion chromatography EPMA, electron probe microanalysis SEM, scanning electron microscope ESEM, environmental scanning electron microscope HRTEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy LAMMA, laser microprobe mass analysis XPS, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy RLMP, Raman laser microprobe analysis SHRIMP, sensitive high resolution ion microprobe. PIXE, proton-induced X-ray emission FTIR, Fourier transform infrared. 

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using TiC was used to prepare Ti/Si02, Ti/MCM-41, and Ti/MCM-48 catalysts. These catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and were used to catalyze the epoxidation of propylene to propylene oxide (PO) with in situ prepared ethylbenzene hydroperoxide (EBHP). CVD time and CVD temperature affected the catalyst performance significantly. The optimum temperature range was 800-900 °C, and the optimum deposition time was 2.5-3 h. The maximum PO yields obtained in a batch reactor were 87.2, 94.3, and 88.8% for Ti/Si02, Ti/ MCM-41, and Ti/MCM-48, respectively. Ti/MCM-41 had higher titanium... 

The titanium contents of the resulting catalyst samples were determined with an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) (Kon-tron, Germany Model S-35) after HE acid digestion of the solid. N2 adsorption/ desorption isotherms at 77 K were obtained using a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 apparatus. Catalyst crystalline structure was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on a Shimadzu XRD-6000 diffractometer with Cu Ka radiation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were acquired on a VG Microtech MT-500 spectrometer using A1 Ka X-ray radiation (1,486.6 eV). Fourier transform infrared (FUR) data were obtained on a Shimadzu IR Prestige FUR spectrophotometer. 

X-ray photoemission (XPS), Raman, Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (ICP-AES), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDS)... 

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic emission spectrometry (AES) [11], infrared (IR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy have all been studied at various times for the determination of silicon compounds. AAS has been used to determine silicon in methylisobutylketone, chloroform or petroleum ether extracts of packaging materials and foodstuffs [12-17]. However, these methods suffer from the disadvantage that they do not distinguish between organic and inorganic silicon compounds, similarly inductively coupled plasma AES measures total silicon [11]. 

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