Fortified material

Fortified materials/solutions These are materials or solntions which have been fortified with the analyte(s) of interest. The fortification is usually made by spiking. These materials or solntions may already contain the analyte of interest. Note that most methods of fortification add the analyte in such a way that it will not be as closely bormd to the sample matrix as it wonld be if it was present naturally. 

Spiked materials These are similar to fortified materials, indeed to some extent the terms are interchangeable. Spiking does not necessarily have to be restricted to the airalyte of interest. 

Domoic acid by ELISA (Kleivdal et al., 2006). ° Sixteen participating labs, 10 reporting acceptable data. Eleven materials comprising scallop, mussel, and oyster tissues fortified at two or three levels plus a blank. The fortified materials were supplied as split-level duplicates. A certihed reference standard for DA (NRC, Halifax) was provided as part of the... 

For the analysis of antibiotic residues in foods, there is a limited number of methods that have been evaluated by collaborative study and a lack of certified reference materials (see other chapters on specific methods of analysis and quality assurance for additional details). Hence, the assessment of accuracy is most frequently based on analytical recovery from fortified materials when developing and validating these methods. 

Standard ISO/IEC 17025 2005 requires a laboratory to have quality control procedures for monitoring the validity of tests and calibrations undertaken. This means that laboratories must perform internal performance-based quality control checks in accordance with Section 5.9 of ISO/IEC 17025 2005 as it applies to every test, technology, and/or parameter within their scope(s) of accreditation in order to demonstrate compliance with accreditation requirements. Reference or fortified material containing known amounts of analyte, at or near the permitted limit or the decision limit (a non-compliant control sample) as well as compliant control materials and reagent blanks should preferably be carried through the entire procedure simultaneously with each batch of test samples analyzed. Ideally, the control samples should also be very similar to test samples and stable over time. The laboratory should maintain a sufficient amount of control material to last for a significant time period (preferably a number of years) and at suitable analyte concentrations. 

A third class, artificial fmit flavors, includes fmit concentrates fortified with synthetic materials. These may be subdivided into two or more groups according to price, use of the proportionate strengths of the natural fmit, and synthetic fortification. Flavors other than fmit flavor can also be fortified with synthetic materials, ie, the making of an artificial maple flavor as well as an artificial meat flavor. 

Gel permeation ehromatography (GPC)/normal-phase HPLC was used by Brown-Thomas et al. (35) to determine fat-soluble vitamins in standard referenee material (SRM) samples of a fortified eoeonut oil (SRM 1563) and a eod liver oil (SRM 1588). The on-line GPC/normal-phase proeedure eliminated the long and laborious extraetion proeedure of isolating vitamins from the oil matrix. In faet, the GPC step permits the elimination of the lipid materials prior to the HPLC analysis. The HPLC eolumns used for the vitamin determinations were a 10 p.m polystyrene/divinylbenzene gel eolumn and a semipreparative aminoeyano eolumn, with hexane, methylene ehloride and methyl tert-butyl ether being employed as solvent. 

Figure 10.9 shows the ehromatograms of fortified eoeonut oil obtained by using (a) normal-phase HPLC and (b) GPC/normal-phase HPLC. As ean be seen from these figures, ehemieal interferenees due to lipid material in the oil were eliminated by using the MD system that was used for quantitative analysis of all of the eom-pounds, exeept DL-a-toeopheryl aeetate, where the latter was eo-eluted with a triglieeride eompound and needed further separation. 

To keep product yield at a maximum it is important that the solubility of product in the spent acid be kept to a minimum. This also facilitates removal of traces of product from the spent acid so that it can be either fortified and reused, reused to make lower nitro compds, or neutralized and discharged as non-polluting waste material... 

The samples of l,6-T2-DBpD and l,6-T2-2,3,7,8-Cl4-DBpD are useful in metabolism and mode of action studies. For example, when incubated with rabbit liver microsomes, l,6-T.>-DBpD is extensively metabolized to polar product(s) but only when these preparations are fortified with reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Under the same conditions l,6-T2-2,3,7,8-Cl4-DBpD is completely resistant to metabolic attack. In some types of studies, a higher specific activity possibly is desirable i.e., >1 Ci/mmole), and this can be achieved, with the methodology already developed, by using larger amounts of tritium gas or working on a larger synthetic scale so that it is not necessary to add unlabeled materials to assist in crystallization steps where a certain minimum amount of compound is necessary. 

Chau ASY, Caeron J and Lee H-B (1979) Analytical reference materials. II. Preparation and sample integrity of homogeneous fortified wet sediment for polychlorinated hiphenyl quality control studies. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 62 1312-1314. 

Analytical standards are prepared for two purposes for fortifying control matrices to determine the analytical accuracy and for calibrating the response of the analyte in the mass spectrometer detector. The purity of all standards must be verified before preparation of the stock solutions. All standards should be refrigerated (2-10 °C) in clean amber-glass bottles with foil/Tefion-lined screw-caps. The absolute volume of the standard solutions may be varied at the discretion of the analyst, as long as the correct proportions of the solute and solvent are maintained. Calibrate the analytical balance before weighing any analytical standard material for this method. 

Because of the possibility that the herbicide alachlor could adulterate food if either poultry or livestock consumed contaminated materials, Lehotay and Miller evaluated three commercial immunoassays in milk and urine samples from a cow dosed with alachlor. They found that milk samples needed to be diluted with appropriate solvents (1 2, v/v) to eliminate the matrix effect. One assay kit (selected based on cost) was also evaluated for use with eggs and liver samples from chickens. Egg and liver samples were blended with acetonitrile, filtered, and diluted with water. Linear calibration curves prepared from fortified egg and liver samples were identical... 

Patches should be fortified in a similar fashion to the dosimeter sections. Care should be taken when designing a patch to make sure the patch has backing made of aluminum foil or other nonpenetrable material so as not to lose fortification solution during the fortification process. Patches representing inner exposure can also be covered with a cotton/chambray material after fortification. 

When fortifying air tubes or air filters, the use of the formulated active ingredient in water is not recommended since the material on the air tube or filter must dry before air is drawn over the matrix. If the field fortification is nol dry on tiie sorbenf or air filter, breakthrough of the fortification solution may occur through the air filter or air tube into the back portion of the air tube and invalidate the procedure. 

Untreated control samples were fortified with mepronil. The fortification levels were 0.05-0.25 mg kg for plant materials and 0.005-0.05 mg kg for soil. The following recoveries were obtained 93-95% from rice grain 93-99% from rice straw 86-96% from grape 99-103% from leek 90-110% from lettuce 96-106% from sugar beet (root) 92-100% from sugar beet (leaf) 91-96% from kidney beans 96-100% from string beans and 86-98% from soil. The limit of detection is 0.005 mg kg for plant samples, except for rice straw and soil materials, and 0.01 mg kg for rice straw. 

Matrix RMs - spiked materials, lake water fortified with trace elements and milk powder spiked with organic contaminants. 

Current British fortification of bread and flour is restricted to fortifying white and brown flour and bread with those materials that would be present in wholemeal bread or flour. 

Analysis of vitamin content of food materials appears to be a developing field. B vitamins in rice were analyzed using a mobile phase which contained pentanesulfonic acid and heptanesulfonic acid (558). Although the peaks were not sharp, the separation of the vitamins was satisfactory. Vitamin D in fortified milk has b n analyzed after removal Of cholesterol and carotenes in a preliminary cleanup (559, 540). Vitamin A has been analyzed in margarine, infant formula, and fortified milk (541, 542). Reports of the analysis of other vitamins in food are few to te but this mode of analysis can be expected to rapidly expand in the future in light of the variety of vitamin determinations in formulations which have been done (see Section VIII,F,l). 

This reference discusses new uses for UV and EB irradiation, the response of polymers to irradiation, and tests related to dosimetry and radiometry, as well as safety and hygiene. It is also fortified with new problems and worked solutions, in addition to useful figures and tables, and appendices with supplementary information on equipment manufacturers, raw materials suppliers, and principles of green chemistry and sustainability. 

Reasons Fortify the company image, market increase, raw material earnings and process control. ... 

Unlike extract fortified leaf made with crude extract, this material is enhanced with pure salvinorin A. This product is ideal for smoking, because it minimizes the amount of tars and carbon monoxide that would be inhaled. Daniel Siebert sells two strengths at his Sage Wisdom Salvia Shop ... 

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