Food and feeding

There are thousands of breweries worldwide. However, the number of companies using fermentation to produce therapeutic substances and/or fine chemicals number well over 150, and those that grow microorganisms for food and feed number nearly 100. Lists of representative fermentation products produced commercially and the corresponding companies are available (1). Numerous other companies practice fermentation in some small capacity because it is often the only route to synthesize biochemical intermediates, enzymes, and many fine chemicals used in minor quantities. The large volume of L-phenylalanine is mainly used in the manufacture of the artificial dipeptide sweetener known as aspartame [22389-47-0]. Prior to the early 1980s there was httle demand for L-phenyl alanine, most of which was obtained by extraction from human hair and other nonmicrobiological sources. 

Animal Feed. In animal feeds (1—3% lecithin) lecithin is an emulsifier wetting and dispersiag agent energy source antioxidant surfactant source of choline, organically combiaed phosphoms and iaositol and Hpotropic agent. It is used ia a milk replacer formula for calves (approximately 10,000 t of lecithin ate used for this purpose) and for veal production, ia mineral feeds, poultry feeds, fish foods, pet foods, and feeds for fur-beating animals (30). 

T. Cairns and J. Sherma, eds.. Comprehensive Analytical Profiles of Important Pesticides, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1992, 304 pp. From the series ModemMethods for Pesticide Analysis, provides detailed information on properties and analytical methodology for nine prominent pesticides, pyrethroids, and fumigants in food. Includes formulations and uses, chemical and physical properties, toxicity data, and tolerances on various foods and feeds. Analytical information may be given in enough detail for methods to be carried out without having to consult additional Hterature sources. 

Sorbic acid and its potassium salt, collectively called sorbates, are used primarily in a wide range of food and feed products (63) and to a lesser extent in certain cosmetics (64), pharmaceuticals, and tobacco products. There are limited appHcations of the calcium and sodium salts, but the acid and its potassium salt are used almost exclusively. 

The bulk of the industrial supply of the calcium salt of (R)-pantothenic acid is used in food and feed enrichment. Food enrichment includes breakfast cereals, beverages, dietetic, and baby foods. Animal feed is fortified with calcium-(R)-pantothenate which functions as a growth factor. 

Amino adds are, therefore, important as nutrients (food and feed), as seasoning, flavourings and starting material for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other chemicals. They can be produced in a variety of ways (see Table 8.1) ... 

Residues in many foods should decrease because EPA has canceled many of the food crop uses of methyl parathion, including fruits and vegetables commonly eaten by children, some other vegetable uses, some feed uses, and all nonfood uses such as ornamental plants and nursery stock uses. Tolerances for methyl parathion on these foods and feed also have been canceled. This action was taken because of a concern for risks to children and workers. Some food and feed uses and tolerances are to be maintained. 

Corneliussen PE. 1970. Residues in food and feed Pesticide residues in total diet samples (V). Pestic Monit 14 89-105. 

Patent Data Related to Extraction, Purification, and Formulation of Carotenoid Pigments for Food and Feed Applications... 

Bauerfeind, J.C., Carotenoid vitamin A precursors and analogs in foods and feeds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 20, 456, 1972. 

F.A. Gunther, (ed.), Residue Reviews (Residues of Pesticides and Other Foreign Chemicals in Foods and Feed), Academic Press, New York, and Springer, Berlin (1962) (subsequent volumes are up to Vol. 171, 2001, edited by G. Ware). 

Best practices in the generation and analysis of residues in crop, food and feed... 

ERA Food and Feed Crop Dictionary http //www.epa.gov/opphed01/foodfeed/-old/lookatX.htm... 

---