Phenyl-8-alanine

Phenyl Alanine, CeHs—CH2—CH(NH2)—COOH, a-Amino /3-Phenyl Propionic 

This amino acid, as its name indicates, is the phenyl derivative of alanine. The radical phenyl, (CeHo—), is from the hydrocarbon benzene, CeHe. 

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There are thousands of breweries worldwide. However, the number of companies using fermentation to produce therapeutic substances and/or fine chemicals number well over 150, and those that grow microorganisms for food and feed number nearly 100. Lists of representative fermentation products produced commercially and the corresponding companies are available (1). Numerous other companies practice fermentation in some small capacity because it is often the only route to synthesize biochemical intermediates, enzymes, and many fine chemicals used in minor quantities. The large volume of L-phenylalanine is mainly used in the manufacture of the artificial dipeptide sweetener known as aspartame [22389-47-0]. Prior to the early 1980s there was httle demand for L-phenyl alanine, most of which was obtained by extraction from human hair and other nonmicrobiological sources. 

T.-phenyl alanine C. glutamicum C. glutamicum aro F, chorismate mutase, PRDH 28 ... 

Common Name 3,5,3 -triiodothyronine L-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-phenyl]alanine... 

It is a peptide containing 27 amino acid residues containing the amino acids L-histidine (His) L-aspartic acid (Asp) L-serine (Ser) glycine (Gly) L-threonine (Thr) L-phenyl-alanine (Phe) L-glutamic acid (Glu) L-glutamine [Glu(NHj)] L-leucine (Leu) L-arginine (Arg) L-alanine (Ala) and L-valinamide (Va -NHj). 

N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-P-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]alanine methyl ester L-Phenylalanine, N-[(l,l-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]-4-(methoxycarbonyl)-, methyl ester (160168-19-4)... 

L-2-Amino-3-phenyl-propanoll(l Zu einer Losung von 3,5 g (92 mMol) Natriumboranat in 50 ml 50%igem Athanol wird unter Riihren eine Losung von 5 g (22 mMol) L-Phenyl-alanin-athylester-Hydrochlorid in 50 ml... 

Neutrophils represent an ideal system for studying osmotic effects on exocytosis. Stimulation of cytochalasin-B-treated neutrophils with the chemotactic peptide Jlf-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine (FMLP) results in a rapid compound exocytosis up to 80% of lysosomal enzymes are released within 30 s (9-14). Secretion appears to be triggered by a rise in the level of cytosolic free calcium (15-18) promoted in part by entry of extracellular calcium through receptor-gated channels and in part by release of calcium that is sequestered or bound at some intracellular site (19-21). In this presentation, we augment our previously published data (22,23), which demonstrates that lysosomal enzyme release from neutrophils is inhibited under hyperosmotic conditions and that the rise in cytosolic calcium preceding secretion is inhibited as well. 

Carrier Phenyl- alanine Tryptophane (40) Leucine Tyrosinemethyl ether (41) y-phenyl-butyrine (43)... 

Fry und Rapaport (S6) erhielten mit Alanin-[l-14C] bzw. Phenyl-alanin-f 1-14C] und inaktivem Essigsaureanhydrid. ein radioaktives Kohlendioxyd, das dieselbe molare Aktivitat wie die Aminosaure hatte. Das 1 -Phenyl-2-acetamino-butanon bzw. das 3-Acetamido-butanon-2 waren nichtradioaktiv. Dadurch wird der erste Mechanismus ausge-schlossen. 

The reaction was followed by chiral GC (SE 30, 220 °C, nitrogen mobile phase). R (a-acetamido cinnamic acid) 3.70 min Rt (/V-acetyl-L-phenyl-alanine) 5.4 min. 

Table 17.3 Potency and off-target activities of P-methyl phenyl-alanine-based DPP-4 inhibitors (IC50 s, nM).

One must be careful not to generalize from the above discussion that hydrolysis of pivaloyl esters will always be slow. Indeed, a notable exception may well exist for monoesters of catechols, where intramolecular catalysis accelerates hydrolysis. This was seen for L-3-[3-hydroxy-4-(pivaloyl-oxy)phenyl] alanine (8.81 4-pivaloyl-L-dopa), a potentially valuable prodrug of L-dopa [114], When given to rats and dogs, 4-pivaloyl-L-dopa displayed markedly longer duration of action and a higher bioavailability of L-dopa than the drug itself complete conversion to L-dopa was noted in rat. The... 

Aspartame is relatively unstable in solution, undergoing cyclisation by intramolecular self-aminolysis at pH values in excess of 2.0 [91]. This follows nucleophilic attack of the free base N-terminal amino group on the phenylalanine carboxyl group resulting in the formation of 3-methylenecarboxyl-6-benzyl-2, 5-diketopiperazine (DKP). The DKP further hydrolyses to L-aspartyl-L-phenyl-alanine and to L-phenylalanine-L-aspartate [92]. Grant and co-workers [93] have extensively investigated the solid-state stability of aspartame. At elevated temperatures, dehydration followed by loss of methanol and the resultant cyclisation to DKP were observed. The solid-state reaction mechanism was described as Prout-Tompkins kinetics (via nucleation control mechanism). 

Annulation of the pyrrole ring. o-Aminoketone 179, bearing the protected aldehyde moiety, can be smoothly reacted with substituted phenyl alanines and transformed into 1,4-benzodiazepinones 180 with a fused pyrrole ring (Scheme 36 (1992BMCL1639)). 

Melphalan Melphalan, L-3-[p-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]alanine (30.2.1.13), is a structural analog of chlorambucil in which the butyric acid fragment is replaced with an aminoacid fragment, alanine. This drug is synthesized from L-phenylalanine, the nitration of... 

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