Hydrogen peroxide sanitization

Each of these images illustrates a common use of redox chemistry. Q Hydrogen peroxide sanitizes wounds by a redox reaction that kills germs and bacteria, o Photography also uses a series of redox reactions in the image capture and development processes. The feature How It Works at the end of this chapter describes how redox reactions are used in photography. 

Calcium Hypochlorite, also known as High Test Hypochlorite (HTH) is supplied in erystal form it is nearly 70% available chlorine. One produet, the Sanitizer (formally the Sierra Water Purifier) uses these erystals to superehlorinate the water to insure pathogens were killed off, then hydrogen peroxide is added to drive off... 

Hydrogen peroxide, 9 369 14 35-78, 292 18 392. See also UV-H2O2 pool sanitizers Peroxide entries activators of, 21 48 alternative methods of producing, 14 53-54... 

FDA, Department of Health and Human Services. 1981. Indirect food additives Adjuvants, production aids, and sanitizers hydrogen peroxide. Final Rule. Federal Register 46, 2341-2343. 

Chemical methods, where compatible, can be used on a wider variety of construction materials. These methods typically employ oxidizing agents such as hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or per-acetic acid. Hypochlorites are effective sanitizers but are difficult to flush from the system and tend to leave biofilms intact. 

Production equipment that cannot be sterilized must be sanitized and disinfected by an appropriate method. This can be done by use of biocides like alcohols (70%), hydrogen peroxide, or formaldehyde-based chemicals or a combination of these. These can either be used for surface disinfections by wiping or spraying or even better by use of gas or dry fog systems for application of the disinfectants. The effect of cleaning and sanitation should be monitored. Microbiological media contact plates can be used to test critical surfaces, as inside the hot cells or glove boxes. The test samples must then be handled and monitored as radioactive contaminated units. 

UV oxidation of organic water pollutants in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, ozone or both with powerful medium-pressure mercury lamps is performed on industrial scales (Gottschalk et al., 2000). The synergistic combination of ozone and UV is especially suited for water sanitation, i.e. treatment of swimming pool and spa water (Rice, 1997). Many full-scale remediation applications of photo-initiated AOPs using hydrogen peroxide or ozone are already in operation (Chem-viron Carbon, 1997, Freeman and Harris, 1995). 

Materials that cannot be sterilized should be transferred into the sterile area through an isolated area in which an outer wrapping is removed. The object is then wiped down with a sanitizing agent such as isopropanol or hydrogen peroxide. 

Some sanitizing agents used in the dairy industry contain iodine and nonionic detergent (iodophors). Free iodine can be detected by adding an equal volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid to cold milk followed by a few drops of 2-phenylbenzo(h)chr-omen-4-one(7,8-benzoflavone) solution and a similar quantity of hydrogen peroxide. This is shaken and the presence of iodine is indicated by a lilac or blue colon... 

Peroxyacetic acid (PAA), sometimes referred to as peracetic acid, is also a highly reactive oxidant with antimicrobial properties similar to hydrogen peroxide. As a sanitizer and sterilant, PAA has several desirable characteristics over H2O2 including better stability at application concentrations (100 to 200mg/L), improved compatibility with hard water, and reduced foaming. Compared with chlorine, PAA is biodegradable and exhibits reduced corrosive properties. 

Like hydrogen peroxide, concentrated PAA (40%w/v) is a highly toxic oxidant. As such, employees must receive special training prior to use. In diluted form, its hest applications include barrel and bottling hne sanitation and sterilization. 

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