Focus of the Book

For instance, process pressure which is in many cases much lower for bio-pro-cesses than for HPLC requires a different plant design. Selectivity makes another difference due to the very different retention times of bio-solutes an effective separation is only possible with solvent gradients. 

With the second edition of this book the focus on fine chemicals and small pharmaceutical molecules is expanded to ion-exchange chromatography and the separation of biopolymers such as proteins. In accordance with the first edition these topics are restricted to those applications that can be modeled and simulated by current methods and procedures. 

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A valuable handbook describing the many uses of nonlinear optics for spectroscopy. The focus of the book is a unified treatment of and methods for modelling the signal. 

In order to quantify the sometimes intangible elements of variability associated with the product design and the safety aspects in service requires an understanding of risk . The assessment of risk in terms of general engineering practice will be discussed next. This will lead to a better understanding of designing for quality and reliability, which is the main focus of the book. 

Crystallization Process Systems brings together essential aspects of the concepts, information and techniques for the design, operation and scale up of particulate crystallization processes as integrated crystal formation and solid-liquid separation systems. The focus of the book, however, is on crystallization only dealing with related unit operations as far as is necessary. It is therefore... 

I originally conceived this book as a study of epistemological questions about differences between chemistry and physics, namely, how chemists aims and methods in scientific explanation have been different from physicists and how these aims and methods have overlapped. This problem remains a principal focus of the book is there a way of seeing and describing the natural world that has been consistently "chemical" If so, how has it compared to a "physical" way of understanding the natural world Have chemistry and physics been commensurable or incommensurable sciences Answering these questions historically leads to sets of answers that are specific to time and place to distinct texts, individuals, schools, and traditions to disciplines and disciplinary histories. 

The primary focus of the book is on reaction mechanisms, not only because knowledge of mechanism is essential to understanding chemical processes but also because theories about reaction mechanisms can explain diverse chemical phenomena in terms of a relatively small number of general principles. It is this latter capability of mechanistic theory which makes it important as an organizing device for the subject of organic chemistry as a whole. 

Although the focus of the book is on the relevant ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) test methods with the numbers given, where possible the corresponding ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and BS (British Standards Institution) test method numbers are also presented. As an aside, the ASTM may have withdrawn some of the test methods noted herein,... 

The major focus of the book is on mineral crystal structures that provide an ordered array of anions forming coordination polyhedra around the central cations. The thermodynamic data underlying many of the geochemical applications described in the first ten chapters are derived from energies of absorption bands in the optical spectra of minerals, which are most simply explained by crystal field theory. Use of experimentally determined energy level data rather than energy separations computed in molecular orbital diagrams is the emphasis of these early chapters. 

The next five chapters focus on the British universities and colleges. In each case, we have attempted to provide the reader a brief historical context of each institution without overwhelming the true focus of the book the women chemists and their experiences. The biographical accounts in these chapters focus... 

Although the aim of the book is to provide an introduction to the field, it does so in a very applications-oriented manner. Thus, the focus of the book is practical rather than theoretical. In a systematic progression, beginning with the fundamental principles of petroleum emulsions, the reader is soon introduced to characterization techniques and fiow properties, and finally to industrial practice. Chapters 1-4 present the fundamental concepts and properties involved in emulsions within the context of their occurrence in the petroleum industry. Chapter 1 sets out the basic foundation for all subsequent chapters. Selected areas of special importance are then expanded in Chapter 2 on emulsion stability. Chapter 3 on characterization techniques, and Chapter 4 on rheological properties. All of these use petroleum emulsion examples for illustration, and in most cases cover the latest useful techniques available. 

The next section briefly surveys the most relevant types of generic adsorbents and then focuses on two groups of designed adsorbents, i.e. porous silicas and synthetic cross-linked polymers. Detailed discussion of tailored adsorbents is beyond the scope of this chapter as they are used in the purification of enzymes and other biopolymers, which is not the focus of the book. 

An understanding of the above characteristics and requirements for materials science and engineering forms the basis of the structure of this book, as it summarises precisely the essential knowledge requirements for CVD technology. Whilst the authors tackle a wide range of theoretical topics, the focus of the book is on the fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites used by the CVD or chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) processes. Based on the requirement of a systematic understanding of CVD processes, the related materials by some special CVD techniques and their potential applications, the book is structured as follows. 

I am most beholden to Davis Dyer, the founding director of the Winthrop Group, who made a careful review of the chemical story, as did Louis Galambos of the pharmaceutical story. In addition, Davis persuaded me to sharpen the focus of the book s major themes. I continue to benefit from Robert Wallace s advice and support. 

One focus of the book is the hydroformylation process, the process involved in the first commercial implementation of aqueous-phase catalysis with its detailed descriptions of fundamental laws, special process features, and the present state of the art. Further focal points of the book are basic research on the complex catalysts (central atoms, ligands) and on the influence of the reaction conditions, solvents, and co-solvents, and a survey of other aqueous two-phase concepts and of proposed applications, with experimental examples and details. Environmental aspects are also considered. 

Hirscher and Beefier and Meregalli and Parrinella give a fair account of the most relevant theoretical studies of hydrogen chemisorption on carbons, and summarize the issues that are typically discussed (e.g., the maximum number of atoms that can be chemisorbed, the differences between chemisorption on the iimer and outer surfaces of nanotubes) While there is some interest to such works, they are not discussed in this chapter, since the focus of the book is on hydrogen storage. 

As we explore in Chapter 2, the subject is particularly topical in the li of current strategies on chemical risks at EU level. Although the focus of the book is on the EU 15 countries, the recent expansion of the Community to include a range of new member states with reconstituted health and safety systems friat are considerably younger and less sophisticated than those presently found in northem European memb states, makes its findings e ecially timely in relation to these countries too. 

It assumes no previous knowledge of spectroscopy and avoids excessive theory, approaching the topic as an exercise in pattern recognition. Hence the main focus of the book is in the provision of a variety of spectra for the student to interpret. Students are able to pace their progress by gaining confidence on the simpler spectra, and applying techniques learned to tackle more complex examples. 

While the primary focus of the book is on the systems important in colloid and interface science, a more general goal is to introduce the reader to several theoretical methods that are useful in applications of statistical mechanics to... 

In the remainder of this chapter I will use Renn s framework from Chapter 1 as a structure to locate a number of issues which stand out to me in the chapters of the book. I start with a summary characterisation of the offshore oil and gas industry and what this means for the focus of the book within that model. I end with a more detailed discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the different regimes featured. Throughout the text I surest lessons to be learned and work to be pursued, both by researchers and practitioners. 

The book provides an introduction to the field in a very applications oriented manner, as the focus of the book is practical rafiier than theoretical. The first group of chapters (1 to 3) sets out fundamental... 

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