Fluorescence microscopy overview

The above discussion provides only a brief overview of how fluorescence techniques can be used to study the interactions of ligands with their receptors. We have focused on the quantitation of the binding parameters and compared the data with that which may be obtained with those from radiolabelled ligand binding studies. The number of applications of fluorescence in the study of neurochemistry and molecular biology is ever increasing. Outside the scope of this review is, for example, the use of fluorescence microscopy to monitor cell surface expression and targeting of receptors or the use of fluorescence probes to monitor ion transport into and out of cells. 

See also Fluorescence Overview. Microscopy Overview. Microscopy Techniques Specimen Preparation for Eiectron Microscopy. Optical Spectroscopy Refractometry and Refiectometry. Sampling Theory. 

See also Chemiluminescence Overview. Chromatography Principles. Clinical Analysis Overview. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Biological Applications. Fluorescence Overview. Ion-Selective Electrodes Overview. Mass Spectrometry Overview. Microscopy Overview. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Overview. Ozone. Radiochemical Methods Overview. Sensors Overview. Spectrophotometry Overview. 

See also Electrophoresis Two-Dimensional Gels Nucleic Acids. Enzymes Enzyme-Based Assays. Flow Injection Analysis Principles. Fluorescence Quantitative Analysis. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies. Mass Spectrometry Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/loniza-tion Time-of-Flight. Microelectrodes. Microscopy Overview. pH. Process Analysis Overview Chromatography Electroanalytical Techniques Sensors Acoustic Emission Maintenance, Reliability, and Training. Proteins Overview. Proteomics. Purines, Pyrimidines, and Nucleotides. Sensors Oven/iew. Spectrophotometry Overview. 

Table 1 gives an overview of the various hardware configurations for wide-field time-resolved fluorescence microscopy (TRFM). 

It needs to be mentioned here that many other experimental techniques are available for studying monolayers at the air-water interface. Most frequently, surface potential is measured to evaluate the molecular orientation of amphiphiles at the interface. This method is, however, better suited to the study of small molecules. Polymeric amphiphiles, due to their conformational dynamics, are difficult to analyze and simple dielectric layer models do not apply, or produce large errors. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction provides information on molecular packing, and spectroscopic methods are used to study molecular interactions and the structural changes of molecules upon compression. Fluorescence microscopy is useful for studying two-dimensional organization of small molecular mass amphiphiles however, it is not applied to polymer monolayers. For a more comprehensive overview of experimental methods used to study monolayers at the air-water interface, the reader is referred to more specialized articles, e.g. [18]. 

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a technique to determine the spatial distribution of excited state lifetimes in microscopic samples. This can mean everything from a single decay time, to an entire decay profile, in two or three dimensions. Typically, FLIM instruments are designed to measure hfe-times in the nanosecond range, since the lifetimes of most fluorochromes used in modern fluorescence microscopy fall within this range. In this chapter, an overview is presented of the various techniques used in FLIM instruments today and of application areas in biology and biomedicine. 

This article gives an overview of the current applications of the technique of fluorescence microscopy. The four sections describe, respectively, (1) the basic principles of fluorescence microscopy, (2) the types of information which can be obtained by fluorescence microscopy, (3) the technical ways in which fluorescence microscopy can be adapted to study various chemical species and (4) some examples of the range of biological, mineralogical and artificial specimens that can be studied. 

Overview. Microscopy Techniques Light Microscopy Sample Preparation for Light Microscopy X-Ray Microscopy. Sample Handling Comminution of Samples. Sampling Theory Practice. Sulfur. X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. 

Spectrometry Overview. Mercury. Microscopy Techniques Scanning Electron Microscopy X-Ray Microscopy. Particle Size Analysis. Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Environmental Aj li-cations. Radiochemical Methods Overview. Sample Handling Sample Preservation. Sampling Theory. Surface Analysis Auger Electron Spectroscopy. Tin. X-Ray Absorption and Diffraction Overview. X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission Energy Dispersive X-Ray Ruores-cence Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission. 

See also Blood and Plasma. Clinical Analysis Glucose. DNA Sequencing. Fluorescence Overview. Forensic Sciences Drug Screening in Sport. Microscopy Techniques Electron Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscopy Atomic Force and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Nucleic Acids Spectroscopic Methods. Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation. Sensors Overview. 

See alsa Air Analysis Outdoor Air. Cement. Ceramics. Fluorescence Quantitative Anaiysis. Fourier Transform Techniques. Infrared Spectroscopy Near-Infrared. Microscopy Techniques X-Ray Microscopy. Particie Size Anaiysis. Pharmaceuticrai Anaiysis Drug Purity Determination. Quaiitative Anaiysis. Stmcturai Eiucidation. Thermai Anaiysis Overview. X-Ray Absorption and Diffraction Overview X-Ray Absorption X-Ray Diffraction - Singie Crystai. X-Ray Fiuores-cence and Emission X-Ray Fiuorescence Theory Waveiength Dispersive X-Ray Fiuorescence Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fiuorescence Totai Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission. 

The present article gives a short overview on some methods of fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy with some emphasis on time-resolving techniques. Examples for application are concentrated on the well known mitochondrial marker... 

This handbook presents a comprehensive overview on the physics of the plasmon-emitter interaction, ranging from electromagnetism to quantum mechanics, from metal-enhanced fluorescence to surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and from optical microscopy to the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, filling the gap in the literature of this emerging field. It is useful for graduate students as well as researchers from various fields who want to enter the field of molecular plasmonics. The text allows experimentalists to have a solid theoretical reference at a different level of accuracy and theoreticians to find new stimuli for novel computational methods and emerging applications. 

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