Flu virus

In terminal areas, the air volumes are much greater, and typical HVAC filtration systems do not remove aerosol particles from the air as efficiently as do aircraft Environmental Control Systems (see Chapter 2). Thus, the costs and benefits of various enhanced filtration and air-cleaning strategies would have to be carefully assessed. An ancillary benefit to be considered would be the reduction of the transmission of common ills such as cold and flu viruses (or more serious viruses, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] virus) among airport patrons. 

Dr. Mumcuoglu s studies were done with standardized active ingredients. The species of elder used was Sambucus nigra. Thus far, it has been tested against eight various strains of flu virus and found to be... 

Sialic acid Neu5Ac Flu virus Limax flavus 13-15... 

Scheme 6 Representative examples of hyperbranched base polymers used for sialic acid attachment and subsequent inhibition of flu virus infection. 14 Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) backbone 15 comb-branch polymer 16 dendrigraft polymer 17 PAMAM scaffolded on PEI...

The detection of flu viruses via a fluorescent sandwich immunoassay was reported by Bucher.(10) However, the method sensitivity was too low for direct detection of the virus. A novel sandwich immunoassay was described by Ogcr((lff7 for the detection of Botulinum Toxin A. Antibodies specific for Clostridium botulinum were covalently attached to the surface of a tapered fiber. After the capture of the antigen, a sandwich was formed with a rhodamine-labeled anti-toxin IgG, and the evanescent wave was measured. The assay was highly specific with detection limits near 5 ppb. 

In 1976, another vaccine case illustrated how dangerous a mistake involving vaccines can be. Between October 1,1976 and December 14,1976, more than 40 million people were vaccinated against swine flu (a virus similar to fhe 1918 Spanish flu virus fhaf killed so many during World War I). The feared epidemic never manifested, buf fhere was a tenfold increase in CBS (in which fhe body s immune system attacks its peripheral nerves), which thousands of people confracfed. 

Flu virus has two types of spikes on the surface neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. The neuraminidase and hemagglutinin undergo mutations, and these mutations account for the different types of flu viruses (Exhibit 4.2). 

Source Laver WG, Bischofberger N, Webster RG. Disarming flu viruses, Scientific American January 78-87 (1999). 

Vaccines made with recombinant proteins marshal an immune response to specific viruses to treat or prevent disease. Vaccines to prevent infection with the liver-damaging hepatitis viruses (Twinrix , Recombivax HB , and Engerix-B ) include a recombinant version of a hepatitis virus B protein. Recombinant hepatitis B protein is also included in some combination vaccines given to children. Comvax also includes a recombinant flu virus protein. 

As the world looks anxiously at the possible impact of the bird flu virus on humans, that passage has added import anxious policy makers do not look to surgeons or hospitals to solve this problem, but to the pharmaceutical industry. 

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004. Influenza Viruses. Available at www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/flu-viruses.htm. Last accessed March 2, 2005. 

Roy R (1996) Sialoside mimetics and conjugates as antiinflammatory agents and inhibitors of flu virus infections.In Witczak ZJ (ed) Carbohydrates targets for drug design. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 84... 

Influenza vaccine contains antigens from two or three of the currently circulating types of flu virus. 

The laboratory tubular centrifuge is similar to the industrial model. It operates with a motor or turbine drive at speeds to 50,000 rpm, generating 65,000 G at the latter speed in the 4.5 cm diameter bowl. The nominal capacity range is 30—2400 cm3/min. This centrifuge is uniquely capable of separating far finer particles than any other production centrifugation equipment except the botde centrifuge. It is widely used in the production of flu virus. 

HIV is considered the wildcard of avian influenza. At present only one H5N1 patient has been reported to also be infected with HIV. HlV/AlDS patients may be more susceptible to adverse complications and antiviral resistance and also can shed the H5N1 virus longer (for several months). Co-infection may have serious implications for individuals and may amplify the spread of H5N1 causing a significant increase in the numbers of people infected with the avian flu virus (Toner, 2006). 

The United States may be the only country outside Western Europe where influenza is taken so seriously that each year—since it changes year to year—a vaccine is made against what is thought to be the most likely flu virus and people go to their doctor for a voluntary inoculation. 

There has been much recent anxious speculation that the bird flu virus will mutate to a form that will spread from person to person. A worldwide influenza epidemic, at worst comparable to that which followed the Great War, could well be the net result of such an event. The efficacy of the first carbocychc neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir (34), known famiharly... 

Flu virus. See influenza virus Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), 53... 

Recent studies showed that AA, EPA, and DHA could give rise to anti-inflammatory compounds such as hpoxins (LXs) and resolvins that are essential to limit and resolve inflammation (3, 4). These studies imply that a deficiency of LXs and resolvins could lead to the perpetuation of inflammation and tissue damage. In the fight of these facts, it will be interesting to study whether a subclinical deficiency of PUFAs, decreased formation of LXs and resolvins, occurs in subjects who develop the various types of infections and their complications. Because, PUFAs can inactivate enveloped viruses including influenza, it is probably worthwhile to study the effect of various fatty acids on the bird flu virus, specifically, whether increased intake of these fatty acids could reduce the risk of flu. 

It s not about genetic predispositions to certain illnesses or conditions. Once you know this one vital secret, you will hold the power to create—and maintain—your own good health. Imagine equipping your body with the tools it needs to ward off cold and flu viruses, heart disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes, kidney disease, and cancer. And as a bonus, you ll have more energy and feel better than ever, and excess weight will simply melt off ... 

Common early signs of an acid—alkaline imbalance include headaches, pain, allergies, skin troubles, susceptibility to cold and flu viruses, sinus problems, breathing disorders, fatigue, inflammation, indigestion, and muscle cramping. These symptoms, and many others, are linked to an acid imbalance in your body, even if a doctor has told you that there are other factors involved. 

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