Excessive weight

Possibly the most serious nutrition problem in the United States is excessive food consumption, and many people have experimented with fad diets in the hope of losing excess weight. One of the most popular of the fad diets has been the high-protein, high-fat (low-carbohydrate) diet. The premise for such diets is tantalizing because the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (see Chapter 20) is the primary site of fat metabolism, and because glucose is usually needed to replenish intermediates in the TCA cycle, if carbohydrates are restricted in the diet, dietary fat should merely be converted to ketone bodies and excreted. This so-called diet appears to work at first because a low-carbohydrate diet results in an initial water (and weight) loss. This occurs because... 

Since no excess weight for drill collars need be considered. Equation 4-30 becomes... 

Whenever possible, lifting of excessive weights should be by mechanical means and should only be done manually if there is no practicable method of obtaining access for mechanical equipment. It follows that material must only be moved manually if it is within the capability of the persons involved and that there is no risk of injury. 

In practical cases, however, the excess weight and volume due to the use of alloys may not be very far from those required with pure lithium electrodes, for one generally has to operate with a large amount of excess lithium in rechargeable cells in order to make up for the capacity loss related to the filament growth problem upon cycling. 

Cardiovascular effects Too vigorous a diuresis, as evidenced by rapid and excessive weight loss, may induce an acute hypotensive episode. In elderly cardiac patients, avoid rapid contraction of plasma volume and the resultant hemoconcentration to prevent thromboembolic episodes, such as cerebral vascular thromboses and pulmonary emboli. 

Most patients should eat a diet with no added salt because of associated hypertension or edema. In dialysis patients, sodium intake should be reduced in patients who gain excessive weight between dialysis. Potassium restriction is not usually necessary until oliguria supervenes. Dialysis patients, however, should be educated to what foods are high in potassium, such as citrus foods, nuts, bananas, in order to avoid very high serum levels of potassium before each dialysis. Water restriction may be necessary if predialysis hyponatremia becomes prominent. 

Adverse effects are usually due to excessive doses (which may occur if the initial increase in metabolism is too rapid) and correspond to symptoms of hyperthyroidism, but they usually disappear after dose reduction or withdrawal of treatment. The most common adverse effects affect the following system as Heart arrhythmias, anginal pain, Central nervous system headache, hyperactivity, sweating, tremor, heat intolerance, Gastrointestinal tract diarrhoea, excessive weight loss, vomiting, Musculoskeletal system muscle cramps, muscle weakness. 

If we could accurately photograph the profile illustrated in Figure 2.23 we could measure H, R and O and since F is simply the excess weight on the rod we could obtain y. However, experimentally this would be difficult, and significant errors are likely in measuring the height H. 

After several older members of the company read the recommendations, they stated that all this has been tried before, but the advice was eventually ignored because any protective equipment, no matter how light, is excessive weight. In wildland firefighting, they believe that mobility is far more important than additional protective equipment. What should a firefighter do ... 

In 15 patients with excessive weight gain associated with olanzapine the mean weight gain was 11 (range 3.6-25) kg and the mean duration of treatment was 7 (range 2-11) months (877). 

Bosnak M, Dikici B, Haspolat K, Dagli A, Dikici S. Do epileptic children treated with valproate have a risk of excessive weight gain J Child Neurol 2003 18 306. 

Attitudes also changed about weight. People, especially women, regarded a thin body as the ideal figure. That attitude continued into the twenty-first century. Excess weight was seen as a sign of character flaws such as a lack of self-control, laziness, or poor self-image. 

Although excessive weight and obesity are problems in the United States and other countries, there is also a concern about people who diet to an unhealthy low weight. These people have an unrealistic image of themselves, so they continuously try to lose weight. They look in the mirror and see a heavy person. In reality, they may be extremely underweight. 

Rouvalis, Cristina. "Excessive weight training in boys raises eyebrows." Oakland Tribune, November 23, 2003. Available online. URL http //findartides.eom/p/articles/ mi qn4176/is 20031123/ai nl4563973. Accessed August 28, 2007. 

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