FLOORS, WALLS, AND CEILINGS

In selecting the finishing materials for floors, walls, and ceilings, utility and cost are major considerations. The type of work to be performed in the laboratory, however, will be the determining factor in making the choice. A planner with ingenuity will find that esthetic needs can also be satisfied at little or no extra cost. With the materials available today, there is no need for a laboratory to look drab or austere. 

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The MDB is a two-story, steel-framed building with thick, reinforced-concrete floors and most interior walls made of concrete and foam-core sandwich panels. Explosion containment rooms have 2-foot-thick reinforced concrete floors, walls, and ceilings. Because concrete is a porous material capable of absorbing agent, all concrete surfaces in the JACADS process areas were sealed with an epoxy coating. A total of 134,153 square feet of concrete will require decontamination (U.S. Army, 1999d). 

Floors, walls, and ceilings of smooth, hard surfaces that are easily cleanable. 

Provide smooth, easily cleanable surfaces on equipment, floors, walls, and ceilings to minimize the opportunity for collection of particulates and growth of micro-organisms... 

A dunk tank or attached decontamination air lock system may be used to introduce or remove material from the Class III system. Figure 8. All primary containment devices shall be certified to meet performance criteria on initial installation, following any move or maintenance, and at least annually. Other safety features of facility design include nonporous surfaces on floors, walls, and ceiling self-closing doors that must remain closed to maintain air balance and directional airflows. If floor drains are present, their traps should be filled with water weekly. 

Therefore, the general differential eqnation of the chemical in the air compartment for a single room with room materials j, snch as floor, walls and ceiling, is expressed as follows ... 

When airborne pesticides, or aerosol droplets including pesticides, adhere to room materials such as the floor, walls and ceiling, the pesticide will permeate into the materials. A diffusion depth (e) (m) of an organic compound in a polymer has been shown to follow a linear relationship with the square root of time (t) (s) and the diffusion constant of the compound (DO (m /s) (Lapcik et al., 1976), according to the following ... 

Description on the time-dependent behavior of pesticide includes concentration on the floor, wall and ceiling, as well as in the air. 

Floors, walls, and ceilings permit cleaning. Brick, cement blocks, and other porous materials are sealed. Surface materials which shed particles are avoided. 

The material and surfaces of the floors, walls, and ceilings shall ... 

There should be frequent cleaning and disinfection of the floors, walls and ceilings in accordance with a written program. 

The floors, walls and ceilings of working rooms must be finished so that cleaning is possible everywhere and that the accumulation of dust and dirt is prevented. The finish of floors, wails and ceilings must be adjusted to the activities. 

Floors, walls and ceilings of clean work rooms must be smooth, impervious and undamaged in order to permit cleaning and disinfection and to prevent the accumulation and release of dust and micoorganisms. No unpainted wooden surfaces may be present. 

Besides the air conditioning applications, heat exchangers are also a possible application. Furthermore, as it was mentioned before, the introduction of PCM in building constructive solutions such as in floor, - walls, " and ceiling "" is very common, because of the interest on evaluating the consequences when PCM are incorporated in passive systems. 

The SCBs, and the floor, walls, and ceiling of the Zone 2A canyon and Room 109 constitute the structures designed to serve a radioactive material confinement function under all normal, abnormal, and accident conditions (refer to Appendix 3E, Section 3E.7 for design basis earthquake accident analysis assumptions). By reducing the likelihood of a radioactive material release these structures provide both defense in depth and worker safety functions. 

Analysis of sound travel will help when planning noise control in a room. Noise travels away from a source. The energy level in a sound field will decay with the square of the distance from a source. However, most rooms have reflective surfaces, such as floors, walls, and ceilings. Placement of noise sources in a layout can help with noise control. For example, placement of noise sources in a comer near highly reflective floor, ceiling and walls will concentrate noise energy in one location and one direction. Conversely, placement of noise sources away from reflective surfaces may give noise a chance to dissipate to an acceptable level. 

DIN 53269 Adhesives for coverings for floors walls and ceilings dispersion adhesives for back fittings of textile floorings requirements test methods. 

In recent years the use of adhesives in construction assembly applications, especially in the bonding of wood and gypsum panels to joists and studs in floors, walls and ceilings, has increased considerably. Several specifications and related test methods have been developed ... 

Figure 11.1 Partial containment laboratory. These laboratories are characterized by monolithic floors, walls, and ceilings restricted access special ventilation and other physical design features as described in Chapter 10. (Centers for Disease Control photo by author.)...

Averaging is acceptable over nonliving surface areas of up to 300 cm or, for floors, walls, and ceiling, 100 cm. Averaging is acceptable over 100 cm or, for the hands, over the whole area of the hand, nominally 300 cm. Adapted from (473). 

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