Clotting agents

Biochemical Reactions. The quinones in biological systems play varied and important roles (21,22). In insects they are used for defense purposes, and the vitamin K family members, eg, vitamin [11104-38-4] (32) and vitamin [11032-49-8] (33), which are based on 2-meth5l-l,4-naphthoquiaone, are blood-clotting agents (see Vitamins, vitamin k). 

Injury to any part of the human body leads to blood loss, and in general, healing requires fast clotting in order to reduce excess loss. Each soldier in the U.S. army carries a sponge or powder that contains clotting agents. These treatments are found... 

N.A. Silicic acid, silicates, flavonoids, phenolic acid, nicotine, sterols.100 Regeneration of connective tissue, clotting agent, astringent effect on genitourinary system. 

The mechanism of action of anticholinesterases is to form a stable covalent complex with the Achase enzyme. Achase is one of several enzymes known as serine esterases. Other examples include the intestinal enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin as well as the blood clotting agent thrombin. During the course of the catalysis the alcohol -OH of a serine side chain in the active site of the enzyme forms an ester complex, called the acyl-enzyme, with the substrate. So, acetylcholine will go through similar chemical reactions with Achase. 

Protective These proteins that protect the body. Some form part of the bodies immune system defending the body against foreign molecules and bacteria. Others, such as the blood clotting agents thrombin and fibrinogen, prevent loss of blood when a blood vessel is damaged. 

In addition, 125 mg of the herbal alternative to aspirin, namely pine bark extracts4 containing bio-pycnogenol, have the same effect as 500 mg aspirin as an anti-blood clotting agent. It is an alternative for people who have stomach ulcers. 

Other Milk-clotting agent, dough ingredient, protein hydrolysates... 

Other Food Uses. Papain has also been used to hydrolyze renderer s meat scraps to make a product which can be used for feeding farm animals. Because of their abihty to coagulate casein in much the same fashion as rennet, papain and ficin have been used as milk-clotting agents in place of rennet in the production of cheese. Papain may be substituted... 

FIGURE 14.2 Flux versus TMP (transmembrane pressure) for a blood clotting agent. 

The product was used to make an analogue of a thromboxane, a human blood clotting agent by M. Hayashi and group, Tetrahedron Lett., 1979, 3661. 

Hemophilia C occurs at 10% of the frequency of hemophilia A and is the least common form of hemophilia in the United States, where it mainly occurs in Ashkenazi lews. It is caused by a deficiency of factor XI. Unlike hemophilia A and B, there is no bleeding into joints Factor Xlla can apparently activate factor IX directly without first activating factor XI. Nevertheless, afflicted individuals suffer nosebleeds and heavy menstrual bleeding and, like all hemophiliacs, require a clotting agent to prevent excessive bleeding following a tooth extraction (Sect. 11.6.5). 

Cilostazol (Pletal), a selective inhibitor of PDE III, is used for the treatment of intermittent claudication, an occlusive disease of blood vessels in the legs, which causes pain on walking. It acts as a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Warfarin, initially developed as a rat poison, and a number of similar compounds, are effective anti-clotting agents by their action as vitamin K antagonists. 

The hydroxyl group at the C6 position is more active than that at the C3 position and is, therefore, derivatized favorably. Figure 4 shows the sulfation as a common example of this type of reaction. When this type of reaction (Figure 4) is conducted on chitin, the end products behave like heparin, an anti-blood-clotting agent (Wolform and Shen-Han, 1959). 

Medical Wound and bone healing, blood cholesterol control, skin burn, contact lens, surgical sutures, dental plaque inhibition, clotting agent, etc. 

Actions Antibacterial, antiviral, circulatory stimulant, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, antiemetic, antifungal, hypotensive, anti-clotting agent, carminative, antiarthritic, analgesic, antitussive. 

Serum is the supernatant obtained from clotted blood. Plasma, the liquid portion of circulating blood, is chemically similar to serum except that it contains in addition fibrinogen, the clotting agent in blood. Plasma is obtained by treating the blood with an anticoagulant such as heparin or oxalate, after which the red cells... 

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