Tissue sample collections

A study of estuarine fish in 21 coastal states conducted from 1972 to 1976 as part of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program detected a mean concentration of 47 ppb in 3.9% of the fish tissue samples collected (Butler and Schutzmann 1978). In another study (Cooper 1991), fish collected in a watershed area of Mississippi were analyzed for residues of methyl parathion. Methyl parathion was detected in seven species of fish, with white bass having the greatest mean concentration, at 15.96 ppm. Methyl parathion was found in 3 of the 32 fish samples collected before spraying of methyl parathion and in 12 of the 25 samples of fish collected after methyl parathion spraying. 

The average concentration of PBBs (on an adipose basis and as hexabromobiphenyl) in pooled extracts of several hundred individual tissue samples collected in a statistically valid manner from all nine regions of the continental United States was 1-2 ppb (Lewis and Sovocool 1982). Chemical workers involved in the PBB manufacturing process had a median adipose PBB concentration of 6,000 ppb (range... 

Tissue sample collection is obviously the most invasive and usually limited to a deceased casualty. Consequently, tissue collection is not normally used for diagnosis to medically respond but for forensic analysis, such as the formalin-fixed brain tissues from the Tokyo subway attack victims, to verify GB as the agent employed (Matsuda et al., 1998). 

Leu (DADLE), an analog of leucine-enkephalin, a naturally occurring linear pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu)that binds to opioid receptors (Fig. 15.40) (354). In rat brain tissue samples collected 15 min after i.v. CDS-ad-ministration, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry clearly showed the presence of the locked-in T-D form at an estimated concentration of 600 pmol/g of tissue. The same ion was absent from the sample collected from the control animals treated with the vehicle solution only. To optimize this delivery strategy, an effective synthetic route was established for peptide CDSs, and the role of the spacer and the lipophilic functions was investigated (355). Four different CDSs were synthesized by a segment-coupling method. Their... 

In bronchial secretions, roxithromycin reached high concentrations in pooled sputum samples collected in patients with superinfected chronic bronchitis at consecutive intervals until 24 hr after a single dose of 150 mg stable levels ranging from 4.52 0.59 to 5.27 0.62 mg/1 from 2 to 8 hr were followed by a slow decrease (2.90 0.38 mg/1 at 24 hr). These values were equal to simultaneous serum concentrations [30], These results suggest that bronchial levels equilibrate rapidly with serum concentrations as a result of transport of roxithromycin by passive diffusion this has been shown with other macrolides [31]. In prostatic tissue samples, collected in surgical conditions after multiple doses of roxithromycin (300 mg, followed by 150-mg doses), the mean concentrations ranged from 2.16 0.21 to 2.81 + 0.68 mg/kg they were still 2.35 0.57 mg/kg at 12 hr, equaling those in plasma (2.79 0.41 mg/1) [30]. 

Figure 3. Metabolic heat rate vs. temperature curves and features that may be used for species comparisons. The dashed curve in Figure 1 was obtained from data collected on Callistemon during mid May. The segment of the curve from 15 to 30 "C (A-B) shows an approximately exponential increase in metabolic rate as temperature is increa.sed. B is an inflection point termed the low shoulder temperature (Ti ) above which metabolic rates no longer increase exponentially and the slope decreases with temperature increase. C indicates T m the temperature at which maximum rate is achieved. The exothermic peak at D depends on the amount of O2 remaining in the calorimeter ampule when this temperature is reached. A second scan of Callistemon tissue examining a tissue sample collected from the same plant two months later in the season is also shown (solid line).

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