Tuna fish

It is difficult to establish to what extent methyl mercury residues found in the environment arise from natural as opposed to human sources. There is no doubt, however, that natural generation of methyl mercury makes a significant contribution to these residues. Samples of Tuna fish caught in the late 18th century, before the synthesis of organomercury compounds by humans, contain significant quantities of methyl mercury. 

Houpt KA, Essick LA, Shaw EB, Alo DK, Gilmartin JE, Gutenmann WH, Liftman CB, Lisk DJ. 1988. A tuna fish diet influences cat behavior. J Toxicol Environ Health 24 161-172. 

One example, a candidate matrix material of organotin species in marine water, had stability determined by storage for 120 days at 4°C in the dark, at ambient temperature, and exposed to daylight (Quevauviller and Donard 1991). Frequently storage at different temperatures over at least a i-year period are reported. Examples include organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in BCR CRM 430, where pork fat was stored at -2o°C, -i-20°C, and -r37°C (van der Paauw et al. 1992). Storage at -20°C, -i-20°C, and -i-4o°C was performed for total and methyl Hg in BCR CRMs 463 and 464, tuna fish (Quevauviller et al. 1994), and metals in BCR CRM 600, EDTA and DTPA-extractable trace metal contents in calcareous soil (Quevauviller et al. 1998m). 

Quevauviller Ph, Drabaek I, Muntau H, Griepink B (1994) The certification of the contents (mass fractions) of total and methyl mercury in two tuna fish materials CRMs 463 and 464. 

Mee LD, Oregioni B, and Horvat M (1992) Worldwide and regional intercomparison exercise for the determination of trace elements in tuna fish homogenate sample IAEA-350. Report IAEA/AL/052, IAEA-MEL, Monaco. 

Quevauviller Ph, and Maier EA (1999) Interlaboratory studies and certified reference materials for environmental analysis - the BCR approach. Elsevier, Amsterdam Quevauviller Ph, Drabaek I, Muntau H, Biahchi M, Bortoli A, and Griepink B (1996a) Certified reference materials (CRMs 463 and 464) for the quafity control of total and methyl mercury determination in tuna fish. Trends Anal Chem 15 160-167. 

A wide variety of reference materials is now available, covering several different kinds of natural matrix such as food (e.g. milk powder), human tissues (e.g. liver), marine biological materials (e.g. tuna fish) and soils and sediments. The radionuclides of interest cover naturally occurring ones (e.g. Ra), fission products... 

Bovine liver, pig kidney, mussel tissue (also for butyltin compounds), tuna fish (methyhnercury), tuna fish tissue (As spedation) Non-defatted lobster hepatopaucreas, lobster hepatopancreas, dogfish liver, dogfish muscle Fish flesh Fish tissue... 

An average individual can survive for an extended period on about 500 calories per day, as long as he or she has plenty of water and physical activity is kept to a minimum. Five hundred calories are equivalent to approximately two 6-oz cans of tuna in water or one 15-oz can of a fruit or vegetable. For a family of three to survive 2 weeks, they must store at least 21,000 calories of nonperishable food or the approximate equivalent of 84 6-oz cans of tuna fish or 42 15-oz cans of fruits or vegetables. 

Figure 2 (a) X-Ray structure of the active site of the tuna fish cyctochrome c. (b) The... 

Leuschner, R.G.K. and Hammes, W.P. (1999). Formation of biogenic amine in mayonnaise, herring and tuna fish salad by lactobacilli, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 50, 159. 

Table II. Histidine Decarboxylase Activity in Tuna Fish Fillets Stored at 15, 24 and 30C ...

Table II. Growth of Histamine-forming Bacteria at 4°C in Tuna Fish...

The flameless atomic absorption method has a reproducibility of about 2% or better for homogeneous specimens. Checks (3) between AA and NAA (with radiochemical separation after irradiation) and isotope dilution spark source mass spectroscopy on thoroughly homogenized tuna fish and Bureau of Mines round-robin coal specimens indicate good agreement between the methods. (0.425 0.9%, 0.45 3.5%, and 0.45 4.4% for tuna by AA, NAA, and SSMS, respectively, and 1.004 is the average ratio of NAA to AA results for five coal samples.) The similar results indicate that the technique used in sample preparation... 

High mercury levels in terminal food chain predators hke tuna fish have caused considerable worry. It has been found that tuna contain larger than average amounts of selenium.1- 10 Discuss the possible role of selenium with respect to the presence of mercury. ... 

Formic acid (FA), benzoic acid (BA), sorbic acid (SA), and the methyl, ethyl, and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (EsHBA) or their salts are the organic acids (OAs) most frequently used for the preservation of marmalades, jams, mustard, mayonnaise, margarine, wine, juices, sardines in oil, canned tuna, fish homogenate, diet foods, milk products, salad dressings, desserts, soft drinks, and other types of foods and beverages. 

Minced meat, cheese, tuna fish, dry sausages... 

Cheese, tuna fish, wine, sauerkraut, chocolate... 

Gemelli, L., Martino, G. and Tota, B. (1980). Oxidation of lactate in the compact and spongy myocardium of tuna fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 65B, 321-326. 

Gordon, M.S. (1968). Oxygen consumption of red and white muscles from tuna fishes. Science, New York 159,87-90. 

Maier, E.A., Demesmay, C., Olle, M., Lamotte, A., Lagarde, E, Heimburger, R., Leroy, M.J.F., Asfari, Z. and Muntau, H. (1997) The certification of the contents (mass fractions) of arsenobetaine in solution (CRM 626). and of total arsenic, arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid in tuna fish tissue (CRM 626), EUR Report, European Commission, Brussels, EN 17889. 

Quevauviller, Ph., Drabask, I., Muntau, H. and Griepink, B. (1993c) Improvements in the MeHg determination prior to the certification of two tuna fish materials. Appl. Organometal. Chem., 7, 413. 

Shiomi, K., Hamada, Y., Sekiguchi, K., Shimakura, K., and Nagashima, Y. 1999. Two classes of allergens, parvalbumins and higher molecular weight substances, in Japanese eel and bigeye tuna. Fish Sci 65(6) 943-948. 

Yamada, S., Nolte, H., and Zychlinsky, E. 1999. Identification and characterization of allergens in two species of tuna fish. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 82 395-400. 

A rapid and simple MW-assisted digestion method with alkaline solution (TMAH or methanolic KOH solution) was developed for speciation analysis of inorganic Hg and methyl-Hg in biological tissues [41]. Extracts with quantitative recoveries of Hg species after the alkaline dissolution of the sample were directly analyzed by an automated on-line hyphenated system incorporating aqueous HG, cryogenic trapping, GC, and detection by A AS. The proposed method was validated by the analysis of biological CRMs (CRM 463, DORM-1, TORT-1) and one BCR sample from an interlaboratory study (Tuna Fish 2). 

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