Firearms defined

The court noted that the existence of a law governing an activity doesn t automatically mean that there can t also be civil liability for that act. Where a defendant s conduct creates a foreseeable zone of risk, the law generally will recognize a duty placed upon defendant either to lessen the risk or see that sufficient precautions are taken to protect others from the harm that the risk poses. Further, as the risk grows greater, so does the duty, because the risk to be perceived defines the duty that must be undertaken. Because firearms are so dangerous, the duty of the seller is quite substantial. 

The Oxford dictionary defines a cartridge as a case containing a charge of propellant explosive for firearms or blasting, with bullet or shot if for small arms. Other terms, such as ammunition, round of ammunition, or round, are also used for cartridges and are equally acceptable. Bullet, however, is wrongly used in this context and should be reserved for the projectile only. 

All bulk elemental analysis methods, such as NAA and FAAS, suffer from the serious disadvantage of lack of specificity in that the elements detected are not unique to FDR but also occur from occupational and environmental sources. Many surveys were carried out to determine background levels of lead, antimony, and barium on the hands of people not involved with firearms. Some surveys also included copper and mercury. Both general and occupational data were gathered and threshold levels established for each of the elements. The threshold level may be defined as the level above which the results may be significant and correlate to the discharge of a firearm. The best that could be stated was that the levels detected were consistent with the discharge of a firearm but could not be taken as conclusive proof of the presence of FDR. 

Firearms-related terms are defined in the Association of Firearm and Tool-mark Examiners, Glossary, 3rd ed. (1994), published by Available Business Printing, Inc., 1519 South State Street, Chicago, IL 60605. 

The first of these definitions (general) is contradictory to definition given in TM9— 3305—1 (Ref [Pg.830]

Some products excluded from the definition of chemical substance in 3(2) (B) require a negative certification. These include pesticides, as defined by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) food, food additives, drugs, drug intermediates, cosmetics, cosmetic intermediates, or devices subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) nuclear source materials, special nuclear materials or nuclear by-product materials and firearms and ammunition. While a guide for importers and exporters published by EPA in 1991 (1991 Guide) made a distinction in... 

A substantial amount of laboratory research involves materials considered, in the legal sense of the term, as explosives rather than simply chemicals which can explode under appropriate conditions. The term explosive in this relatively rrarrow sense is defined as any material determined to be within the scope of Title 18, United States Code, Chapter 40, Importation Manufacture, Distribution and Storage of Explosive Materials, and any material classified as an erqrlosive by the Department of Transportation in the Hazardous Material regulations (Title 49 CFR, Parts 100-199). A list of the materials that are within the scope of Title 18, United States Code, Chapter 40 is published periodically by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, U.S. Department of the Treasury. 

The Transportation Safety Act defines several classes of hazardous materials. Classes include explosives, radioactive material, flammable liquids or solids, combustible liquids or solids, oxidizing or corrosive materials, compressed gases, poisons, etiologic agents (hazardous biological materials), irritating materials, and other regulated materials (ORM). The act excludes firearms and ammunition. Other chapters in this book discuss hazards associated with some of these materials. 

Combustion is an oxidative decompositirm in which oxygen (the oxidant) oxidizes a fuel. The different manifestations of combustion (Figure 9.1), ranging from a gentle candle flame to a violent military explosive are part of a continuum that includes the propellants used in firearms. What is normally described as "burning"— that which is associated with a flame—is defined as deflagration, whereas explosions are detonations. The dividing line between the two is the... 

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