Fire legislation

This section summarizes the main requirements of the Fire Precautions Act 1971 as amended by various legislation including the Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act 1987. The Act requires that premises that meet certain criteria must have a Fire Certificate. The premises involved include  

Exemptions can be granted at the discretion of the Fire Authority if the premises are  

Premises are inspected by Fire Authority who will either  

Once the Fire Certificate has been issued to the occupier it is to be kept on the premises. Any proposed building alterations that affect the certificate must be notified to Fire Authority before work commences. 

Appeals against any decision of the Fire Authority are taken to a Magistrate s Court. 

---

There may be cases where FR additives will be required in order to pass severe fire specifications, like the Ml classification of ihe French Building Standard using the Epiradiateur Radiation Test. Also, under the EU Building Products Directive there is now a move to harmonise national fire legislation and testing. The new spread of flame test or SBI test may require some increase in the fire retardancy of current rigid PVC formulations. 

In 2000 the Fire Safety Advisory Board was established to reform the fire legislation to simplify, rationalize and consolidate existing legislation. It would provide for a risk based approach to fire safety allowing more efficient, effective enforcement by the fire and rescue service and other enforcing authorities. 

Once a code or standard has been adopted by the NFPA, it becomes available for adoption by any organization or jurisdiction having enforcement authority. A number of NFPA standards are widely used and commonly referenced in fire legislation. 

Our approach to fire safety is twofold to prevent fires occurring and to protect the building, its contents and inhabitants if fire does occur. The protection of human life is the primary objective of fire legislation, whereas the protection of property is the concern of fire insurance companies. Legislative and insurance standards and requirements may differ in emphasis, but museum management should consider... 

Also, wood fuel is low in sulfur, ash, and trace toxic metals. Wood-fired power plants emit about 45% less nitrogen oxides, NO, than coal-fired units. Legislation intended to reduce sulfur oxides, SO, and NO emissions may therefore result in the encouragement of wood-burning or cofiring wood with coal. 

Some of tlie preceding cliapters liave dealt witli tlie history and legislation of emergency and accidents tliis cliapter addresses specifically tlie fundamentals of plant fires, explosions, and certain otlier plant- and non-plant-related accidents. 

Chapter I Past History, John O Byrne Chapter 2 Legislation, Gaetano LaVigua Chapter 3 Emergency Planning and Response, Elizabeth Shoen Chapter 5 Fires, Explosions and Other Accidents, Nat Federici and Isabella Schroeder... 

Although the petrochemical and metals industries were the primai y focus of the toxic air pollutants legislation, approximately forty of these substances have been detected in fossil power plant flue gas. Mercury, which is found in trace amounts in fossil fuels such as coal and oil, is liberated during the combustion process and these emissions may be regulated in the future. EPA issued an Information Collection Request (ICR) that required all coal-fired plants to analyze their feed coal for mercury and chlorine. Since these data will be used in making a regulatory decision on mercury near the end ot the year 2000, it is critical that the power industry provide the most accurate data possible. 

There are occasions where rather less serious problems are encountered and the client refuses to take any action. In these circumstances, statutory bodies like the OSHA or the fire department can enforce their views through legislation. Insurers are not in that position. They can and do increase premiums for bad risks, but they also try to persuade management by commonsense argument that changes should be made, even if this is not necessarily an economic proposition from the point of view of insurance cost. 

Numbers These should be kept to the minimum, consistent with operational requirements and any other requirements imposed under Building Regulations and fire/health and safety legislation ... 

UK legislation referring to emissions from gas-fired plant is currently rather limited. The most important is The Health and Safety (Emissions into the Atmosphere) Regulations 1983 (SI No. 943, 1983). In Schedule 2 is listed substances deemed to be noxious, which include combustion products, dust, etc. 

The chamber is externally insulated and clad. Combustion equipment for solid fuel may be spreader or traveling-grate stokers or by pulverized fuel or fluid bed. Oil and gas burners may be fitted either as main or auxiliary firing equipment. The boilers will incorporate superheaters, economizers and, where necessary, air preheaters, grit arresters, and gas-cleaning equipment to meet clean air legislation. 

Confusion as to what constitutes municipal waste is presenting an obstacle to the use of packaging waste as a fuel in cement kilns. Whilst cement kilns can bum hazardous waste, they cannot bum a wide range of non-hazardous materials, it is reported. The case of Castle Cement is described which planned to bum a range of non-hazardous commercial and industrial wastes. Some waste-fired combustion processes, however, such as UK Waste s Fibre Fuel operation have been granted derogations where fuel is manufactured by advanced mechanical processes, which includes the production of fuel pellets. This latter process would be pointless for the cement industry since their fuels have to be pulverised. The problems are further discussed with reference to current European legislation. 

Room fire growth on combustible linings has been a problem of concern to the legislators and authorities since the advent of building fire safety regulations. Work in this area has included... 

Low concentrations of VOCs in ambient ah of 1 to 1,000 ppmv (parts per million based on volume) are often harmful to human health. VOCs also promote the photochemical formation of ozone and other contaminants, and in high concentrations are a fire hazard. These severe environmental implications have resulted in increasingly stringent legislation in the U.S.A. and elsewhere to limit release of VOCs into the atmosphere. Control technologies for VOCs release include combustion and vapor recovery. Vapor recovery is preferred as combustion may result in the production of other air pollutants, and destroy valuable VOCs. 

The Finnish legislation (Pyotsia, 1994) classifies the flammability of chemical substances on the basis of their flash and boiling points. This is similar to the European Union Directives concerning hazardous substances. Also the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (1987) and Edwards Lawrence (1993) have been used similar approaches. 

Occupational health and safety in the rubber industry is discussed with reference to UK, US and European legislation. The review covers both natural and synthetic rubber industries. The first section outlines the laws affecting health and safety in the industry and the remainder presents specific health and safety issues of interest to employers and employees. Industrial safety is examined with reference to equipment, fire and explosions, solvents, epidemiology, NR latex allergy, skin irritations and dermatitis, dust and fume control, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, nitrosamines, 1,3-butadiene, and handling of rubber chemicals. 484 refs. 

---