Fire-damp

Fire control Fire damp Fired heaters Fire extinguishants Fire extinguisher Fire extinguishers... 

There are, however, a variety of other sources of methane that have been considered for fuel supply. Eor example, methane present in coal (qv) deposits and formed during mining operations can form explosive mixtures known as fire damp. In Western Europe, some methane has been recovered by suction from bore holes drilled in coal beds and the U.S. Bureau of Mines has tested the economic practicaUty of such a system. Removal of methane prior to mining the coal would reduce explosion ha2ards associated with coal removal. As much as 11.3 x 10 (400 trillion (10 ) cubic feet or 400 TCE) of... 

Feuer-saft, m. (7ron) slag bath, -schlauch, m. fire hose, schutzmittel, n. fireproofing agent, schwaden, m. fire-damp, -schwamm, m. tinder, punk. 

Schlag-versuch, m. impact test, percussion test, -wasser, n. bilge water, -welte, /. striking distance (of an electric spark), spark distance. -werk, n. striking appparatus, specif, rammer signal bell, -wetter, n. pi. fire damp. 

Scbwaden, m. noxious vapor or exhalation, damp specif., choke damp gas cloud smoke cloud swath. — feurlger —, fire damp. 

Davy, H., On the fire-damp of coal mines and the methods of lighting the mines so as to prevent explosions, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., 106 1,1816. 

A. AMBIENT (Ft02 ) 1 Altituae 2. O2 Dilution ( Fire damp", "Black Damp")... 

CH4, marsh gas, fire damp. It is the first hydrocarbon of the paraffin series. 

Although fire damp/ which is mainly methane, and choke damp (carbon dioxide) are frequent causes of mine accidents, Dr. William Brownrigg learned how to make good use of them. In 1741 he communicated to the Royal Society several papers on the gases of coal mines, but preferred to withhold them from publication until he could prepare a comprehensive treatise on the subject. His laboratory at Whitehaven was provided with several gas furnaces of his own design and a constant supply of fire damp from the nearby mines. Because of his skill in foretelling explosions by the rapid fall of the barometer, mine operators often consulted him. 

A Commission was appointed in France to investigate the problem of ignition of firedamp. In the report made in 1880, it admitted that there was then no explosive known that would not ignite fire-damp (called coal-... 

Finings pond Fire damp Goaf Pond in which fittings arc settled out of suspension (synonym slimes dam) Explosive mixture of methane and air encountered in mine workings Brcccialcd mass of roof strata that has collapsed into an abandoned void in an... 

It is interesting to note that the compositions containing potassium chloride gave higher calculated values of the heat and temperature of explosion. In spite of this, the efficiency of potassium chloride as an agent increasing the safety of the use of the explosive in presence of fire-damp is higher. It confirms the former observation that potassium ions are efficient inhibitors of gas explosions. 

CA 64, 19311 (1966) (A fire damp-proof Dynamite contg NG 33 5, NC 1.5, AN 20, NaCl 40 Sc guhr 5% has a deton rate of 2350m/sec in free air w/o confinement. When guhr is replaced by an equal amt of finely ground Zr silicate, the firedamp-proof quality is retained, except that the rate of deton, under the same conditions, is 5590m/sec)... 

J. Siebel, ... Vermiculite for Prevention of Fire-Damp and Coal-Dust Explosions in Hard or Brown-Coal Mining , GerP 1241393 (1967) CA 67,83762 (1967) 3) I.I. Strizhevskii et... 

Pearcy(Ref 1) used borax, together with NaCl(or KC1) and KN03, as an additive to NG-NC expls to render them safe against fire damp. Carbonaceous matter was avoided as far as possible in such expls. One expl compn contd NG 42.5, NC 2.5, KN03 20, borax 20 NaCl 15%... 

A wave in which the reaction runs more slowly turns out to be more powerful and has a greater supply of energy, in accord with the fact that it is harder to generate. These arguments are evidently confirmed by the data of Rivin and Sokolik [35] according to which a mixture of carbon with oxygen (with a small addition of fire-damp) is no less able to cause detonation, if not more able, than the fire-damp and a mixture of ethane with oxygen. 

The atmosphere of coal mines frequently contains enough methane (fire damp) to make it explode from the flame of a black powder or dynamite blast. Dust also produces an explosive atmosphere, and it may happen, if dust is not already present,... 

But we must speak of candles as they are in commerce. Here are a couple of candles commonly called dips. They are made of lengths of cotton cut off, hung up by a loop, dipped into melted tallow, taken out again and cooled, then re-dipped until there is an accumulation of tallow round the cotton. In order that you may have an idea of the various characters of these candles, you see these which I hold in my hand-they are very small, and very curious. They are, or were, the candles used by the miners in coal mines. In olden times the miner had to find his own candles and it was supposed that a small candle would not so soon set fire to the fire-damp in the coal mines as a large one and for that reason, as well as for economy s sake, he had candles made of this sort-20, 30, 40, or 60 to the pound. They have been replaced since then by the steel-mill, and then by the... 

Methane (CH4, marsh gas, fire damp, melting point -182.6°C, boiling point -161.4°C, density 0.415 at -164°C) is a colorless, odorless that is only very slightly soluble in water and moderately soluble in alcohol or ether. When ignited, the gas burns when ignited in air with a pale, faintly luminous flame. It forms an explosive mixture with air between gas concentrations of 5 and 13%. 

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