Total force

Total driving force Total (thermal resistance/area)... 

P,P pressure (gas or osmotic) spectrum symbol generalised momentum (aggregate normal force, total pressure) (intensity of normal stress) polarisation (electric). 

The McCabe-Thiele operating line satisfies the mass balance for only the more volatile conponent or the solute. In binary distillation the CMO assunption forces total vapor and liquid flow rates to be constant and therefore the overall mass balance will be satisfied. In absorption, when constant carrier and solvent flows are assumed, the mass balances for these two chemicals are automatically satisfied. In general, if overall flow rates are assumed constant, we are satisfying the overall mass balance. If the flow rates of nontransferred species are constant, we are satisfying the balances for these species. 

We now give estimates for the rms error caused by cutting off the Ewald summation in real space and fc-space for the forces, total energy, and torques. There are no errors involved in the self- and smface contributions (Eqs. 82, 83,94), because no cutoff operations are applied to them. 

Symbol for an electron Any extensive property of a system Electromotive force Total energy of a system Energy of the tth quantum state of a macroscopic system... 

Herein, since the available area for nodes and struts are assumed to be sufficiently large, the STM for tension loading is used only to proportion ties (i.e. vertical reinforcing bars and horizontal ties) based on the overall uilibrium of the system. Based on vertical force equilibrium, the vertical reinforcing bars should be proportioned to carry the total tens on force total ihthe pedestal (i.e.. Section 4.1 of this example... 

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