Filtration vacuum membrane

The filter cake is removed continuously by scraping from the vacuum filters or batch-wise after completion of the filtration with membrane filters. After removal in either system, the stearin fraction is melted for further handling and processing. 

Particle Sizing by Vacuum Membrane Filtration. In the original plan for this research, particle fractionation by sieving, that is, using microscreens (10, 20, or 30 /xm) and Nuclepore membranes, was anticipated to be a viable means for particle sizing. Microscreens are available in both nylon and stainless steel. The Nuclepore membranes are thin polycarbonate sheets with very uniform round holes etched through them available pore diameters decrease in size from 8.0 /xm. 

Particle sizing by filtration was unsuccessful because of pore clogging of the Nuclepore membrane. Results of filtration experiments confirm the results of work cited previously and lead to two major conclusions (1) vacuum membrane filtration is not an acceptable means of particle sizing and (2) membranes with pore sizes of 1 /xm or less should be used for suspended-solids analysis. 

Clarifying fining lees tangential micro filtration, using membranes with pore diameters from 0.2 to 0.8 p.m, was compared with a rotary vacuum filter (Serrano, 1994). The flow rates were lower (50-100 1/h/m instead of 350-500 1/h/m ) but clarification was better, both in terms of much lower turbidity as well as the elimination of microorganisms. Wine losses were also lower ... 

Equipment for filtration via membrane filter and under vacuum. 

Sterile Filtration of Gases. Primary appHcations for sterile gas filtration are the sterilization of fermentor inlet air, fermentor vent gas, vents on water for injection tanks, and vacuum break filters during lyophilization. Operational and process considerations apply. Typically, the membrane in gas... 

Use of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes is becoming increasingly popular for clarification of apple juice. AH particulate matter and cloud is removed, but enzymes pass through the membrane as part of the clarified juice. Thus pasteurization before UF treatment to inactivate enzymes prevents haze formation from enzymatic activity. Retention of flavor volatiles is lower than that using a rack-and-frame press, but higher than that using rotary vacuum precoat-filtration (21). 

A mixture of l,4-dibromo-2,5-bis(3-sulfonatopropoxy)benzene 61 (0.78 g, 1.39 mmol), 60 (0.23 g, 1.39 mmol), Na2C03 (0.99 g) in doubly distilled water (47 mL), and DMF (20 mL) was heated at 85°C until the solids were completely dissolved. The resulting solution was cannulated to a 200-mL Schlenk flask with tris[(sulfonatophenyl)phosphine]palladium(0) (0.045 g) and the mixture was stined at 85°C for 10 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to 25 mL by boiling and filtered. The filtrate was added dropwise to cold acetone (250 mL) to precipitate out the polymer. The polymer was collected by filtration, redissolved in a minimum of hot water, and reprecipitated by cooling. After repeating this procedure twice, the polymer was redissolved in distilled water and dialyzed for 72 h in 3500 gmol 1 cutoff membrane. After drying under vacuum, polymer 63 was obtained in 64% (0.42 g). 

Another method to synthesize hollow nanocapsules involves the use of nanoparticle templates as the core, growing a shell around them, then subsequently removing the core by dissolution [30-32]. Although this approach is reminiscent of the sacrificial core method, the nanoparticles are first trapped and aligned in membrane pores by vacuum filtration rather than coated while in aqueous solution. The nanoparticles are employed as templates for polymer nucleation and growth Polymerization of a conducting polymer around the nanoparticles results in polymer-coated particles and, following dissolution of the core particles, hollow polymer nanocapsules are obtained. 

Pressure driven membrane process, 78 507 Pressure-driven membranes, in water treatment, 26 111 Pressure drop, 77 804 from area change, 73 261-262 in cake filtration, 77 330-332, 333-335 flow maldistribution and, 73 270 from flow turning, 73 262 frictional, 73 260-261 in gas adsorption, 7 657-658 in hyperbar vacuum filtration, 77 377 shellside tube bundle, 73 262-263 in vacuum filtration, 77 349-350 Pressure drop calculations, in heat exchanger design, 73 259-260 Pressure drop information, for resins, 74 399... 

To manufacture the brine, a vacuum salt is used to which the producer needs to add a small amount of anti-caking agent which forms a ferrohexacyanide complex in the brine. Because of the acidic process conditions, Fe ions tend to migrate into the electrolyser membranes until encountering a sufficiently high pH and then precipitate [1]. This is an undesirable effect as it can cause void spaces within the membrane and thereby increase the voltage needed for the electrolysis. For this reason the ferrohexacyanide is depleted into Fe(OH)3 under well-defined conditions of temperature, residence time, free chlorine and pH in a process step prior to filtration [2]. 

After reduction, Pd nanoparticles in the range of 5.2 nm were obtained. Particle size could be controlled by the ratio of -OH groups to Pd. Hydrogenation of cyclohexene in toluene gave a TON of 20 000 corresponding to a TOP of 700 h atm(H2) at 75% cyclohexene conversion. The catalyst was easily separated from the product by vacuum distillation and/or dialysis or membrane filtration [76]. 

Filter BBS through a 0.45-)im filtration membrane. Degas the buffer by applying vacuum for 30 min or by sonicating in a bath sonicator for 5 min. 

Much of fhe early work relied upon hand spotting or manual application of probes using vacuum filtration devices such as the DotBlot apparatus (BioRad Laboratories) that allowed the formation of more xmiform spotting of probes in fhe form of small dofs or rectangular slots. The use of membranes for prinfed DNA arrays (often referred to as "grid" arrays) was subsequently developed. 

T0689 SBP Technologies, Inc., Membrane Filtration T0691 SBP Technologies, Inc., Solid-Phase Bioremediation T0706 Separation and Recovery Systems, Inc., SAREX Process T0712 SIVE Services, Steam Injection and Vacuum Extraction (SIVE)... 

Vacuum filtration apparatus with 0.45-pm membrane Spectrophotometer (285 to 456 nm)... 

A hyperfiltration process developed by Mobil Oil, now ExxonMobil, for this separation is illustrated in Figure 5.28(b). Polyimide membranes formed into spiral-wound modules are used to separate up to 50 % of the solvent from the dewaxed oil. The membranes have a flux of 10-20 gal/ft2 day at a pressure of 450-650 psi. The solvent filtrate bypasses the distillation step and is recycled directly to the incoming oil feed. The net result is a significant reduction in the refrigeration load required to cool the oil and in the size and energy consumption of the solvent recovery vacuum distillation section. 

The addition of 1 mL chromium (III) extraction solution to 100 mL aliquot, vacuum filtration through 0.4 pm membrane, and the addition of 1 mL 10% HN03 The addition of 50% NaOH... 

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