Vacuum rotary

Dryers. Drying, another type of evaporation technique, is suited for waste streams of very high soHds content. Several common types of dryers are vacuum rotary dryers, dmm dryers, tray and compartment dryers, and pneumatic conveying dryers. 

Design Methods for Batch Vacuum Rotary Dryers The rate of heat transfer from the heating medium through the diyer wall to the sohds can be expressed by... 

Performance and Cost Data for Batch Vacuum Rotary Dryers Typical performance data for vacuum rotaiy diyers are given in Table 12-26. Size and cost data for rotaiy agitator units are given in Table 12-27. Data for double-cone units are in Table 12-28. 

TABLE 12-26 Performance Data of Vacuum Rotary Dryers ... 

Use alternate drying method (ex. vacuum drying instead of atmospheric drying vacuum tray dryer, freeze drying, cryogenic CO2 drying, instead of vacuum rotary dryer) where material is subdivided in multiple locations... 

A fermentation broth containing Streptomyces kanamyceticus cells is filtered by a vacuum rotary filter. The feed rate is 120kg h1 each kilogram of broth contains 60g of cells. To improve filtration, filter aids are added at a rate of 10kg-h. The concentration of kanamycin in the broth is 0.05%. The filtrate is collected at a rate of 112 kg h. The concentration of kanamycin in the filtrate is 0.045%. The filter cake contains cells, and filter aid is continuously removed from the filter cloth. 

A 20-g sample of the minced vegetables or fmits is placed in a blender cup, 100 mL of acetone are added and the mixture is shaken vigorously on a mechanical shaker for 30 min. The homogenate is filtered under vacuum through a funnel fitted with a filter paper, and the residue is shaken with 100 mL of acetone and then filtered again. The filtrates are combined and concentrated to about 20 mL using a vacuum rotary evaporator. 

A 100-200-mL volume of 5% NaCl aqueous solution and 100 mL of n-hexane are added to the extracts prepared in Section 2.2.1, and the mixed solution is shaken vigorously for 5 min. The n-hexane layer is separated and a further 50 mL of n-hexane are added to the aqueous layer (lower layer) and shaken again. The n-hexane layers are collected, dehydrated with ca 20 g of anhydrous Na2S04, and concentrated using a vacuum rotary evaporator below 40 °C, and the residue is dried under a gentle stream of pure nitrogen and dissolved in ca 20 mL of n-hexane. 

A 100-mL volume of benzene is added to the 20 g of air-dried soil and the mixture is shaken vigorously for 2h. After extraction twice with 100 mL of benzene, the combined extract is filtered through filter paper and the filter cake is washed with an additional 20 mL of benzene. The benzene extracts are dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and concentrated to dryness using a vacuum rotary evaporator. The residue is dissolved in an appropriate volume followed by GC/ECD analysis. For the monitoring of pesticide residues in soil, methanol for bifenox and oxyfluorfen and acetonitrile for nitrofen were recommended as the solvents for efficient extraction. ... 

Pass the exAact through approximately 5 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate held in a glass funnel into a 500-mL boiling Aask. ConcenAate the extract to 2-5 mL by vacuum rotary evaporation, Aansfer the solvent into a 0.5-oz square glass bottle and take the residue to dryness under a stream of niAogen. Dissolve the residue in a 0.5 mL or larger volume of acetone for analysis. 

Filters are used only at specific places in the purification of water. Sand filters are used as a final polishing step or prior to a membrane or ion-exchange process, and vacuum rotary-drum filters are used for dewatering sludges. 

A vacuum rotary-drum filter consists of a porous septum that surrounds an empty rotating drum. The bottom of the drum is immersed in the sludge liquor. A vacuum pulled on the inside of the drum causes the water to enter the drum through the filter medium. The solids that cannot pass through are retained on the surface of the medium. As the drum rotates, the solids at the surface of the septum are lifted out of... 

The sediment sample is allowed to dry in open air and then sieved. To 20g of the sample 20% distilled water is added for deactivation purposes and the excess water is then bound to active silica (Siloxid), so that a powdery consistency is obtained. The insecticides studied are extracted with petroleum ether (b.p. 30-60°C) in a Soxhlet apparatus. The extract is concentrated using the vacuum rotary evaporator and the coextractants are separated on a Celite oleum column. The petroleum ether eluate is then concentrated to a volume of 1ml and used for gas chromatography under the following conditions [10, 31-33],... 

The supernatant was first extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 3 L) to eliminate the remaining IMI. The aqueous fraction was then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 L). The ethyl acetate extract, containing 5-hydroxy IMI, wais dried with 30 g anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to about l/20th of the original volume in a vacuum rotary evaporator and then filtered with 0.22 pm pore size ultrafiltration membranes. The filtered solution was evaporated again until white crystals were produced. The crystals were filtered, washed twice with dichloromethane and then dissolved in 10 mL acetonitrile by heating. At 4 °C, the 5-hydroxy IMI crystallized from the above solution and was filtered and dried under vacuum. A total of 413 mg of 5-hydroxy IMI was obtained. 

Distilled water (350 mL) hydrochloric acid (5 mL) 5-hydroxyl IMI (0.3 g) ethyl acetate (100 mL) anhydrous sodium sulfate (5 g) one beaker, 1 L one separatory funnel, 1 L vacuum rotary evaporator water bath. 

Hydroxyl IMI (0.3 g) was added to 350 mL distilled water and heated to 80 °C to obtain a solution. Hydrochloric acid (5 mL) was added and the solution heated at 80 °C for 35 min. After coohng to room temperature, the reaction solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (350 mL). The extracts were dried with 5 g anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in a vacuum rotary evaporator until the product appeared as white needle crystals. The crystals were collected and dried in air (0.1 g). 

This new IL also has negligible vapor pressure at ambient conditions. No reduction of mass has been observed under vacuum rotary evaporation at 100°C. The miscibilihes of this IL with a number of organic solvents (e.g., acetonitrile and acetone) are very good. However, it is immiscible with aqueous solutions. Accordingly, it can be uhlized as a potential new solvent for solvent extrachon of ionic species. Our preliminary experiments have shown that Cs can be quanhtahvely extracted to this new IL. 

Vacuum rotary dryers plastics, organic polymers, nylon chips, chemicals of all kinds, plastic fillers, plasticizers, organic thickeners, cellulose acetate, starch, and sulfur flakes... 

Vacuum Rotary Dryers. Material is subjected to agitation within a stationary, horizontal shell tinder vacuum. The agitation may be heated to increase drying effectiveness. 

In this method a 1L sample of water is extracted three times with 30mL of cyclohexane. The combined organic phase is concentrated in a vacuum rotary evaporator to a volume of about 0.5mL and filtered through alumina, activity II. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed to the alumina are eluted with 3mL of cyclohexane-benzene (1 1 v/v) and evaporated to dryness. 

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