Filter criterion

The final library was designed with the purpose of adding incremental diversity to the first three fragment libraries. The main filtering criterion was novel pharmacophoric triangles not found in the first three libraries. After clustering and visual inspection from a panel of medicinal chemists, only 65 compounds were purchased and 61 compounds passed QC. 

A similar plot but applying an amplitude filter criterion of > 60 dB published by Bohse et al. [6] clearly showed the delamination propagation as a function of time and also allowed a quantitative estimate of the size of the damage zone produced by the growing delamination. 

The criterion is sufficient but not necessary as the flow rate of the leachate is crucial to the erosion process. Even if the geometrical criterion is not fulfilled, erosion occurs only if the forces of flowing water promote materials transport. Only a few studies are available from which a filter criterion could be derived applicable to the actual boundary condition, i.e. horizontal flow in the boundary of the two layers. For instance, research results of J. Brauns on the erosion behaviour of layered soil with horizontal flow may be considered (Brauns 1985). The filter criterion derived from this leaves more clearance than the pure geometrical approach, but even... 

Although the structure of protein-protein complexes is not fully explained by geometric complementarity, this does appear to be a fairly common and relevant feature of macromolecular associations. The results presented support the assumption that surface shape complementarity, as evaluated by surface contact, can be a useful filtering criterion to reduce the number of possible alternative geometries to a manageable size, which may then be further evaluated. 

Materials suitable as filter aids include diatomaceous earth, expanded perilitic rock, asbestos, ceUulose, nonactivated carbon, ashes, ground chalk, or mixtures of those materials. The amount of body feed is subject to optimisa tion, and the criterion for the optimisa tion depends on the purpose of the filtration. Maximum yield of filtrate per unit mass of filter aid is probably most common but longest cycle, fastest flow, or maximum utilisation of cake space are other criteria that requite a different rate of body feed addition. The tests to be carried out for such optimisation normally use laboratory or pilot-scale filters, and must include variation of the filtration parameters such as pressure or cake thickness in the optimisation. 

Implicit in cake filtration is the removal and handling of solids, since the cake is usually relatively dry and compacted. C es can be sticky and difficult to handle therefore, the ability of a filter to discharge the cake cleanly is an important equipment-selection criterion. 

In the operational sense, some filters are batch devices, whereas others are continuous. This difference provides the principal basis for classifying cake filters in the discussion that follows. The driving force by which the filter functions—hydrostatic head ( gravity ), pressure imposed by a pump or a gas blanket, or atmospheric pressure ( vacuum )— will be used as a secondary criterion. 

API mandates that the pressure drop across a clean filter element be no more than 15% of the allowable pressure drop when dirty. An upper limit of 5 psi drop is set for clean filters. This is a reasonable criterion. If a little arithmetic is performed, the head rise for a centrifugal pump may be calculated. The specifications on both of these items must be coordinated and made compatible. 

Porosity constitutes a important criterion in a description based on straining. Porosity is determined by the formula V /Vc, in which V c is the total or apparent volume limitated by the filter wall and is the free volume between the particles. The porosity of a filter layer changes as a function of the operation time of the filters. The grains become thicker because of the adherence of material removed from the water, whether by straining or by some other fixative mechanism of particles on the filtering sand. Simultaneously the interstices between the grains diminish in size. This effect assists the filtration process, in particular for slow sand filters, where a deposit is formed as a skin or layer of slime that has settled on the... 

As previously indicated, most bag-type filters require a pre-coat of particulates before they can effectively remove airborne contaminates. However, particles can completely block air flow if the filter material becomes overloaded. Therefore, the primary operating criterion is to maintain the efficiency of the filter media by controlling the cleaning frequency. 

The Wiener filter therefore avoids noise amplification and provides the best solution according to some quality criterion. We will see that these features are common to all other methods which correctly solve the deconvolution inverse problem. The result of applying Wiener inverse-filter to the simulated image is shown in Fig. 3b. 

Lanteri, H., Soummer, R., Aime, C., 1999, Comparison between ISRA and RIA algorithms. Use of a Wiener Filter based stopping criterion, A AS, 140, 235... 

Before we can apply an adaptive filter, we should define a criterion to judge the validity of the model to describe the measurements. Such a criterion can be based on the innovation defined in Section 41.2. The concept of innovation, /, has been introduced as a measure of how well the filter predicts new observations ... 

It is less clear how one should handle the requirement of unexpected and recurrent panic attacks. This is an inclusion criterion in form, while it is an exclusion criterion in function. This requirement can be operationalized either as a selection filter or as a component of the syndrome. We think it useful to break up unexpected and recurrent into two components and consider them separately. The unexpectedness of the panic attack is such a fundamental requirement in the DSM definition that it makes sense to operationalize it as a selection criterion. According to the DSM, individuals who have only experienced situationally bound panic attacks cannot have a panic disorder diagnosis, which can happen if this criterion is used as an indicator in CCK analyses. An individual can become a taxon member by being elevated on some, but not necessarily all, indicators. Moreover, unexpectedness of a panic attack cannot be easily coded as a continuous variable, which can present computational difficulties, especially for MAXCOV. 

For this method, the first derivative of the temperature has to be determined from process measurements with amplified noise filtered out. Since the "safe" temperature need not be specified, the independence and selectivity of this method is greater than with the temperature criterion alone. Another advantage is that a potentially unsafe condition can be identified in its early development stage. However, a number of frequently used, but low hazard thermal processes are characterized by fairly high heating rates, making the use of the first derivative ineffective. 

Criterion 4. Eliminated peaks More than 80% of the NOESY peaks should have been assigned by Candid, and less than 20% of the NOESY cross peaks with exclusively long-range assignments (spanning 5 or more residues) should have been eliminated by the peak filters of Candid. 

Catalysts preparation. The NiY catalyst was prepared with the following procedure 300 ml of a warm 0.33 M solution of Ni (N03)2, (Aldrich, 99.9%) was mixed with 10 g of a commercial Y zeolite (CRITERION). The mixture was maintained under reflux at 70°C for 5 hours then, the sample was filtered and washed three times with water at 50°C. The washed sample was dried at 110°C and then annealed at 400°C for 12 h.. 

Wherever applicable, binding should be stereospecific but the fulfilment of this criterion is not absolute proof that the site being investigated is a receptor. Opiates, for instance, may bind stereospecifically to glass-fiber filters. 

In this expression 1 is the cutoff frequency above which the data contain no information about o(x) that is, I( Q. We see that the sharpness criterion is a measure of the steepness of the solution o(x). The previous criterion, expression (40), is replaced with a sum of two terms. It includes both the mean-square-error criterion and sharpness. The filter is then sought that minimizes... 

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