Filter adapter

Dewatering of high value products and particle systems sensitive to high pressure drops are the most likely candidates for electrofiltration. The Dorr-OHver Electrofilter is a commercial example of a vacuum filter adapted for electrofiltration. 

Figure 4-75. Capture mechanism for cartridge filters. Adapted by permission after Shucosky, A. C., Chemical Engineering, V. 95, No. 1,1988, p. 72.

Fig. 4.4. RLD FLIM of (A) unstained freshly resected human pancreas imaged though a macroscope at 7.7 frames per second and (B) unstained sheep s kidney imaged through a rigid endoscope at 7 frames per second. Both samples illuminated at excitation wavelength of 355 nm and fluorescence imaged through a 375 nm long pass filter. Adapted from Fig. 3 of Ref. [18].

Now use a rubber stopper or filter adapter to stick the Buchner funnel into the top of the filter flask. The Buchner funnel makes the setup top-heavy and prone to be prone—and broken. Clamp the flask first, or go get a new Buchner funnel to replace the one you ll otherwise break. 

Place the crucible in a funnel using a filter adapter and insert the funnel into a suction flask... 

Fig. 57. (a) Transmission electron micrograph of a cross-section of an approximately 3-nm-thick zeolite film on Si(l 00), with the inset showing a diffraction pattern. The atomically resolved interface area is shown in (b) the inset displays an image area enhanced by Fourier filtering adapted from (25) with permission from Elsevier. 

Hirsch funnel fits into the filter fiask with no adapter, and is equipped with a polyethylene frit for removal of the crystals (Fig. 4). For larger quantities of material, porcelain or plastic Buchner funnels are used with pieces of filter paper that fit the bottom of the funnel. A filter adapter is used to form a vacuum tight seal between the flask and the funnel (Fig. 5). 

In case the hexaphenylbenzene is contaminated with insoluble material, crystallization from a filtered solution can be accomplished as follows Place 10 mL of diphenyl ether in a 25 x 150-mm test tube and pack the sample of hexaphenylbenzene into a 10-mm extraction thimble and suspend this in the test tube with two nichrome wires, as shown in Fig. 1. Insert a cold finger condenser supported by a filter adapter and adjust the condenser and the wires so that condensing liquid will drop into the thimble. Let the diphenyl ether reflux until the hexaphenylbenzene in the thimble is dissolved, and then let the product crystallize, add toluene, collect the product, and wash with toluene as described previously. 

Figure 8.17. Optical density at 514.5 nm of HNF filter designed for a 514.5 nm laser, as a function of the angle of the filter. (Adapted from Reference 11, with permission.)...

Figure 9.13. FT-Raman spectra of a mildly fluorescent, impure sample of ortho dinitrobenzene before (A) and after (B) correction for instrumental response. Modulation at A is caused by the laser rejection filter. (Adapted from Reference 4, p. 104.)...

Figure 9.17. Common path (Sagnac) interferometer used for multichannel FT-Raman a and b indicate two paths followed by light leaving the beamsplitter (BS). CdTe acts as a long pass filter. (Adapted from Reference 22 with permission.)...

Figure 11.20. Bright-field and Raman image of polystyrene beads 992 cm light was selected with a liquid crystal tunable filter. (Adapted from Reference 2.)...

Figure 12.23. Schematic of Kaiser Mark II fiber-optic probe head. A holographic diffraction grating and pinhole act to remove silica scattering from the laser light and improve beam quality by spatial filtering. (Adapted from Reference 1 with permission.)...

Figure 12.26. Spectra of an acetaminophen tablet obtained with different fiber-optic probes, with the same acquisition conditions and plotted on the same intensity scale. Relative intensities indicate probe efficiency. Probe configurations are (a) 6 around I, beveled, 400 um diameter fibers, unfiltered (b) 6 around I flat tipped, 400 pm, unfiltered (c) 6 around I beveled, 400 pm, filtered (d) 6 around 1, flat tipped, 200 pm, unfiltered (e) two-fiber beveled, 400 pm, unfiltered (f) Carrabba and Rauh design (Fig. 12.17) (g) two-fiber, beveled, 4(X) pm, filtered. (Adapted from Reference 15, with permission.)...

Table 2.3. Absorption factors obtained with filters adapted to the radiation emitted by a few eommonly used sources...

In Check it 5.4.2.1 the ID selective COSY, ID selective relayed COSY without and with z-filter and a ID selective TOCSY spectrum are simulated for the same spin system and the results compared. As already mentioned the spinlock for isotropic mixing can be generated in different ways and this has lead to the development of improvements and elements being added to the spinlock sequence. Of these improvements the trim pulse and z-filter, adapted to the spinlock sequence [5.154], are the most popular. 

Tab. 6.11-1 Some areas that are cleaned with gas-phase filters (adapted from Purafil, Doraville, CA, USA)...

Fig. 7. (A) DOM-SOC Competition mechanisms, (B) Development of Preloading Effects in GAC filters adapted from [93],...

Figure 12 Exploiting a vacuum inlet for flash column chromatography inside a glovebox. The tip of the column is fitted with neoprene filter adapters in order to have a good seal with a standard filter flask. With plenty of solvent on the column and in reserve, a controlled vacuum is then applied to the filter flask in order to rapidly elute the various fractions.

Figure 1 (A) Bandpass filter, (B) edge filter, and (C) neutral density filter. (Adapted from Corion Corporation Catalogue (1988) pp. 17, 19, 20.)...

Figure 2 Principles of Fabry-Perot interference filter. (Adapted from Grum F and Becherer RJ (1979) Radiometry. New York Academic Press.)...

Table 1.3 Typical filter cycle data for continuous vacuum filters (adapted from Purchas and Wakeman, 1986).

The most common filter adaptation algorithm is the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. The LMS algorithm adjusts the filter parameters in the opposite direction to the gradient of the squared amphtude... 

Table 20.2 Model equations (ID) for a wall-flow filter adapted from [56] and with species conservation equations being added... 

Figure I Basic layout of a plant for the production of oligoethylenes. 1 solution vessel for TiCU 2 solution vessel for Al(C2H5)i, Cli 5 3 pumps 4 oligomerization reactor 5 vessel for freezing agent 6 freezing agent 7 heat exchanger 8 deactivation vessel 9 tank for alkaline solution 10, 13 separators 11 condenser 12 filter. (Adapted from Ref. 171.)...

The sulfur content of an oil is to be reduced by percolation through a b l of adsorbent clay. Laboratoiy tests with the clay and oil in a representative percolation filter show the foUomng instantaneous sulfur contents of the effluent oil as a function of the total oil passing through the filter adapted from Kaufman, Chem. Met. Eng., 30, 153 (1924 ] ... 

Figure 53. Cascaded FLC cell wavelength filter (adapted from [59]).

Figure 68. Operation of the a-Si novelty filter (adapted from [78]).

Figure 6 (A) A fibre optic probe for reflectometry. The light scattered from a single excitation fibre is detected by a linear array of collection fibres. Tilting the excitation fibre shifts the profile along the surface by an amount that is determined by the sample s optical properties. (B) A fibre optic probe with a circular fibre arrangement for reflectometry. A 2 cm probe head consist of a central calibration fibre, an excitation fibre and non-equally spaced fibres. Neutral density (ND) filters adapt the light intensity in a transfer array to a smaller dynamic range.

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