Filament winding applications

Unidirectional construction Refers to fibers that are oriented in the same direction, such as unidirectional fabric, tape, or laminate, often called UD. Such parallel alignment is included in pultrusion and filament winding applications. 

For typical filament winding applications, the fiber reinforcement provides the stiffness and strength required to maintain structural integrity. Thus, material characterization for filament wound structures focuses on characterizing the fiber dominated stiffness and strength properties of the composite. The stiffness of fiber reinforced plastics (FRPs), in the fiber direction, is dominated by the fiber stiffness characteristics. The strength will be influenced by a number of factors, however, and not all of them are related to the fiber, including ... 

Epoxies, unsaturated polyesters, and vinyl esters are typical thermosetting polymers used in pultrusion and filament winding applications. 

They are often used in contact molding, for tooling and pipefitting. A major use is for filament winding. Applications are particularly in aerospace and defense, chemical plant, high-performance components... 

EMI 24 is a liquid and can be used at 4-8 phr for moderate to high temperature curing schedules. It is also used as an accelerator for epoxy-anhydride mixtures to provide a long pot life and good elevated temperature properties. It is particularly suitable for filament winding applications. 

Garseth [96] has described filament winding applications in the offshore industry. 

Garseth S, Filament winding applications in the offshore industry, 2nd International Convention for Filament Winding Technology, Brussels, Oct 17-19 2001. 

A special version of 9100NP offering reduced viscosity and lower accelerator levels to enhanced performance in filament winding applications, c. 230 e. See note under 9100NP above. 

A preaccelerated, non-thixotropic, high temperature and chemical resistant, isophthalic resin containing a small wax addition, for filament winding applications, e. 25-30/23 i. 130 C n. 1.7%... 

A preaccelerated, thixotropic terephthalic resin for use in hand-lay, spray/projection and filament winding applications as required for construction and corrosion-resistant use. c. 350-500... 

Applications. Epoxy resias constitute over 90% of the matrix resia material used ia advanced composites. In addition, epoxy resias are used ia all the various fabrication processes that convert resias and reinforcements iato composite articles. Liquid resias ia combiaation, mainly, with amines and anhydride are used for filament winding, resia transfer mol ding, and pultmsion. Parts for aircraft, rocket cases, pipes, rods, tennis rackets, ski poles, golf club shafts, and fishing poles are made by one of these processes with an epoxy resia system. 

In process modeling of filament winding, regardless of matrix material, the process is considered to consist of several simultaneously occurring subprocesses winding, application of heat and/or pressure, consolidation, and void evolution [16], The process model is consequently broken down into several submodels, each with a distinct function, and each coupled to one another ... 

Corrosion Resistant Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP), Fiber glass reinforcement bonded with furfuryl alcohol thermosetting resins provides plastics with unique properties. Excellent resistance to corrosion and heat distortion coupled with low flame spread and low smoke emission are characteristics that make them valuable as laminating resins with fiber glass (75,76). Another valuable property of furan FRP is its strength at elevated temperature. Hand-layup, spray-up, and filament-winding techniques are employed to produce an array of corrosion-resistant equipment, pipes, tanks, vats, ducts, scrubbers, stacks, and reaction vessels for industrial applications throughout the world. 

An important application is for filament-wound glass-reinforced pipe used in oil fields, chemical plants, water distribution, and as electrical conduits. Low viscosity liquid systems having good mechanical properties (elongation at break) when cured are preferred. These are usually cured with liquid anhydride or aromatic-amine hardeners. Similar systems are used for filament-winding pressure botdes and rocket motor casings. 

Cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic epoxy have better weather resistance and less tendency to yellow and chalk than do aromatic epoxy resins. These resins possess excellent electrical properties and are often used in electrical and electronic applications. They are generally formulated into casting and filament winding compounds. 

Rosato, D. V., et al., Filament Winding-Its Development, Manufacture, Applications, and Design, Wiley, 1064. 

Typically, a low molecular weight solid epoxy resin and latent curing agent, such as dicyandiamide dissolved in an appropriate solvent, are widely used in dry lay-up formulations for electrical laminates for computers, aerospace applications, and communications equipment. Wet lay-up systems are almost exclusively based on low-viscosity resins cured with aliphatic amines. These ambient cure resin systems are used primarily for manufacture of large chemical-resistant tanks, ducting, and scrubbers. Filament winding is used... 

---